Platinum metals

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group 8th 9 10
period
5 44
Ru 		45
Rh 		46
Pd
6th 76
Os 		77
Ir 		78
Pt

When platinum metals or Platinum Group Metals , in English also Platinum Group Metals ( PGM ) or Platinum Group Elements ( PGE ), called the elements of Groups 8 to 10 of the 5th period (the "light platinum metals" are: ruthenium (Ru) , rhodium (Rh ) , Palladium (Pd) ) and the 6th period (the "heavy platinum metals": osmium (Os) , iridium (Ir) , platinum (Pt) ). All platinum metals are precious metals and have high densitiesand similar chemical properties; they are a by-product of nickel and copper production.

Platinum group (obsolete)

The term platinum group is occasionally used for the six elements mentioned, although this is also used elsewhere for the 10th group of the periodic table of the elements with the elements nickel , palladium and platinum , generally the nickel group . In 1971, Holleman-Wiberg defined the platinum group as consisting only of the two elements palladium (Pd) and platinum (Pt) . The term platinum group is considered out of date.

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Platinum as a metallic material. In: chemgapedia. Wiley Information Services GmbH, accessed December 20, 2019 (mentioning that platinoids and platinum metals mean the same thing).
  2. ↑ a b Alex Lebeau: Platinum Group Elements: Palladium, Iridium, Osmium, Rhodium, and Ruthenium . In: Raymond D. Harbison, Marie M. Bourgeois, Giffe T. Johnson (Eds.): Hamilton & Hardy's Industrial Toxicology . John Wiley & Sons, 2015, ISBN 978-0-470-92973-5 , chap. 27 , p. 187–192 , doi : 10.1002 / 9781118834015.ch27 (English, note: in the abstract, platinum itself is not explicitly mentioned as an element of the platinum group).
  3. ↑ platinum metals. In: Spektrum.de . Retrieved December 20, 2019 .
  4. ↑ platinum metals. In: chemgapedia. Wiley Information Services GmbH, accessed December 20, 2019 .
  5. ^ Arnold Frederick Holleman (author), Egon Wiberg (contributor): Textbook of inorganic chemistry . 71–80. Edition. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 1971, DNB  458640697 , XXVIII. The group of platinum metals, p. 878 , below ( Google Book [accessed December 21, 2019]).
  6. ↑ Gerhart Jander, Hans Spander, Jürgen Fenner (editor), Jochen Jander (editor), Harald Siegers (editor): Short textbook of general and inorganic chemistry . 8th edition. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York 1977, ISBN 978-3-540-08153-1 , 9/20/2. The platinum group, S. 300 ( Google Book [accessed December 20, 2019]).
  7. ↑ Tobias Flassig and Stefan Seelmann: The platinum group - selected chemical properties. In: Didactics of Chemistry. University of Bayreuth , July 18, 2017, accessed on December 20, 2019 (meanings of the term “platinum group”).
  8. ^ Arnold Frederick Holleman (author), Egon Wiberg (contributor): Textbook of inorganic chemistry . 71–80. Edition. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 1971, DNB  458640697 , XXVIII. The group of platinum metals, p. 880 ( Google Book [accessed December 21, 2019]).
  9. ^ Hans Lohninger: platinum metals / platinum group. Virtual Institute of Applied Science (VIAS), August 8, 2013, accessed on December 20, 2019 : “The terms platinum metals and platinum group are often confused. ... The term platinum group is out of date ... "