Chemical elements of the sixth period
The sixth period of the periodic table of the elements contains all chemical elements that have exactly six electron shells in the atom . The innermost (first) electron shell is fully occupied and has two electrons . The second electron shell with eight electrons and the third electron shell with 18 electrons are also fully occupied. The fourth electron shell has at least 18 electrons and can hold a maximum of 32 electrons. The fifth electron shell has at least 8 electrons and can hold a maximum of 18 electrons. The outermost (sixth) electron shell, also known as the valence shell , can hold between one and eight electrons. Thus there are a total of 32 chemical elements in the sixth period. The lanthanoids represent a special group within this period.
Extract from the periodic table
group | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14th | 15th | 16 | 17th | 18th |
|
I. | II |
|
III | IV | V | VI | VII | VIII | |||||||||
Atomic number symbol |
55 Cs |
56 Ba |
57-71 | 72 Hf |
73 days |
74 W |
75 Re |
76 Os |
77 Ir |
78 Pt |
79 Au |
80 ed |
81 Tl |
82 Pb |
83 bi |
84 Po |
85 at |
86 para |
|
||||||||||||||||||
Lanthanoids | 57 La |
58 Ce |
59 Pr |
60 Nd |
61 pm |
62 Sm |
63 Eu |
64 Gd |
65 p |
66 Dy |
67 Ho |
68 he |
69 Tm |
70 yb |
71 Lu |
Alkali metals | Alkaline earth metals | Lanthanoids | Transition metals | other metals | Halogens | Noble gases |
Magic number
The chemical element lead with atomic number 82 has a higher stability in the basic state of the atomic nucleus than neighboring nuclides . This particular ordinal number is known as the magic number .
Number of electrons in the electron shells
Electron shell | Number of electrons | comment | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All in all | s orbital | p orbital | d orbital | f orbital | ||
1 | 2 | 2 | - | - | - | innermost electron shell |
2 | 8th | 2 | 6th | - | - | |
3 | 18th | 2 | 6th | 10 | - | |
4th | 18 to 32 | 2 | 6th | 10 | 0 to 14 | |
5 | 8 to 18 | 2 | 6th | 0 to 10 | - | |
6th | 1 to 8 | 1 to 2 | 0 to 6 | - | - | outermost electron shell , valence shell |
list
Atomic number | symbol | Surname | Element category | Physical state | Electron configuration |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
55 | Cs | Cesium | Alkali metals | firmly | [ Xe ] 6s 1 |
56 | Ba | barium | Alkaline earth metals | firmly | [Xe] 6s 2 |
57 | La | Lanthanum | Lanthanoids | firmly | [Xe] 5d 1 6s 2 |
58 | Ce | cerium | Lanthanoids | firmly | [Xe] 4f 1 5d 1 6s 2 |
59 | Pr | Praseodymium | Lanthanoids | firmly | [Xe] 4f 3 6s 2 |
60 | Nd | Neodymium | Lanthanoids | firmly | [Xe] 4f 4 6s 2 |
61 | Pm | promethium | Lanthanoids | firmly | [Xe] 4f 5 6s 2 |
62 | Sm | Samarium | Lanthanoids | firmly | [Xe] 4f 6 6s 2 |
63 | Eu | Europium | Lanthanoids | firmly | [Xe] 4f 7 6s 2 |
64 | Gd | Gadolinium | Lanthanoids | firmly | [Xe] 4f 7 5d 1 6s 2 |
65 | Tb | Terbium | Lanthanoids | firmly | [Xe] 4f 9 6s 2 |
66 | Dy | Dysprosium | Lanthanoids | firmly | [Xe] 4f 10 6s 2 |
67 | Ho | holmium | Lanthanoids | firmly | [Xe] 4f 11 6s 2 |
68 | He | Erbium | Lanthanoids | firmly | [Xe] 4f 12 6s 2 |
69 | Tm | Thulium | Lanthanoids | firmly | [Xe] 4f 13 6s 2 |
70 | Yb | ytterbium | Lanthanoids | firmly | [Xe] 4f 14 6s 2 |
71 | Lu | lutetium | Lanthanoids | firmly | [Xe] 4f 14 5d 1 6s 2 |
72 | Hf | hafnium | Transition metals | firmly | [Xe] 4f 14 5d 2 6s 2 |
73 | Ta | Tantalum | Transition metals | firmly | [Xe] 4f 14 5d 3 6s 2 |
74 | W. | tungsten | Transition metals | firmly | [Xe] 4f 14 5d 4 6s 2 |
75 | re | rhenium | Transition metals | firmly | [Xe] 4f 14 5d 5 6s 2 |
76 | Os | osmium | Transition metals | firmly | [Xe] 4f 14 5d 6 6s 2 |
77 | Ir | iridium | Transition metals | firmly | [Xe] 4f 14 5d 7 6s 2 |
78 | Pt | platinum | Transition metals | firmly | [Xe] 4f 14 5d 9 6s 1 |
79 | Au | gold | Transition metals | firmly | [Xe] 4f 14 5d 10 6s 1 |
80 | Ed | mercury | Transition metals | liquid | [Xe] 4f 14 5d 10 6s 2 |
81 | Tl | Thallium | other metals | firmly | [Xe] 4f 14 5d 10 6s 2 6p 1 |
82 | Pb | lead | other metals | firmly | [Xe] 4f 14 5d 10 6s 2 6p 2 |
83 | Bi | Bismuth | other metals | firmly | [Xe] 4f 14 5d 10 6s 2 6p 3 |
84 | Po | polonium | other metals | firmly | [Xe] 4f 14 5d 10 6s 2 6p 4 |
85 | At | Astatine | Halogens | firmly | [Xe] 4f 14 5d 10 6s 2 6p 5 |
86 | Marg | radon | Noble gases | gaseous | [Xe] 4f 14 5d 10 6s 2 6p 6 |