Braun's shield fern

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Braun's shield fern
Polystichum braunii 1-OB8.jpg

Brown's Shield Fern ( Polystichum braunii )

Systematics
Ferns
Class : True ferns (Polypodiopsida)
Order : Spotted ferns (Polypodiales)
Family : Fern family (Dryopteridaceae)
Genre : Shield ferns ( Polystichum )
Type : Braun's shield fern
Scientific name
Polystichum braunii
( Spenn. ) Fée

Brown's shield fern ( Polystichum braunii ) is a species of shield fern ( Polystichum ) within the family of the worm fern family (Dryopteridaceae). It is named after the professor of botany in Karlsruhe, Freiburg, Gießen and Berlin Alexander Braun (1805–1877), who recognized the species in the Höllental in the Black Forest after it was first discovered there by Fridolin Karl Leopold Spenner (1798–1841) was.

description

illustration
Sori on the underside of the frond

Braun's shield fern is a hemicryptophyte similar to the lobed shield fern ( Polystichum aculeatum ) and an herbaceous plant of impressive size with up to 1 meter long fronds. The leaves are deciduous, 2 (-3) pinnate , somewhat glossy, strongly narrowed at the base, soft and covered with whitish-brown hairy scales on the surface that are bald. He doesn't overwinter. The stem and the spindle are very scaly scaly. The feathers are pointed or blunt, with scaly central nerves, the lowest are only about 1 cm long. Feathers squat at most 15 pairs with delicately burned teeth. The innermost leaflet of the top row is hardly enlarged, the leaf stalks are up to 13 cm long, very densely covered with yellow-brown chaff scales.

The brown Sori have a diameter of two to three millimeters, especially in the upper half of the leaf, and a veil that is no longer there. The spore maturity occurs in June to August.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 164.

General distribution

Brown's shield fern is widespread in the northern hemisphere in Europe, Asia and North America. In Europe it is found mainly in the southern and southwestern part, northwards to western Norway (66 ° north latitude), eastwards to central Russia and the Balkans . In Central Europe, outside the Alps, it occurs very scattered and often only in small to very small populations, e.g. B. in the Black Forest, the Vosges, the Meißner ( Werra-Meißner district , the only location in Hesse ), in the northern Alps it occurs scattered, in the southern Alps more frequently.

Locations

Braun's shield fern mostly inhabits shady locations, but is rarely found in sunny or partially shaded locations. It grows on freshly drained, rubble-rich, often somewhat agitated slopes, in Baden-Württemberg on lime-poor, but base-rich and moderately nutrient-rich soils, in other areas also on lime, regularly in very humid locations (e.g. in brook gorges, near Waterfalls). The plant is characteristic of the canyon forest-like formations of the Asperulo-Fagetum or in the canyon forest for the Aceri-Fraxinetum, occasionally it is also found in crevices of gneiss rocks.

literature

  • Otto Schmeil, Jost Fitschen (greeting), Siegmund Seybold: The flora of Germany and the neighboring countries. A book for identifying all wild and frequently cultivated vascular plants. 95th completely revised u. exp. Edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01498-2 .
  • Henning Haeupler , Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany (= the fern and flowering plants of Germany. Volume 2). 2nd, corrected and enlarged edition. Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-8001-4990-2 .
  • Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi (Hrsg.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg. Volume 1: General Part, Special Part (Pteridophyta, Spermatophyta): Lycopodiaceae to Plumbaginaceae. 2nd, supplemented edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1993, ISBN 3-8001-3322-9 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Braun's shield fern. In: FloraWeb.de.
  2. ^ Josef Dostál, Tadeus Reichstein : Polystichum . In Gustav Hegi : Illustrated Flora of Central Europe . 3rd edition Volume I, Part 1, pages 169-187. Paul Parey Publishing House, Berlin, Hamburg 1984. ISBN 3-489-50020-2
  3. ↑ Georg Philippi : "Aspidiaceae". In Oskar Sebald u. a .: The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg. 2nd edition Volume 1, pages 121–149. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1993. ISBN 3-8001-3322-9
  4. ↑ a b David H. Wagner: Polystichum : Polystichum braunii - text same online as printed work , In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico , Volume 2 - Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms , Oxford University Press , New York 1993. ISBN 0-19-508242-7
  5. ↑ Polystichum braunii (Spenn.) Fée at Info Flora - the national data and information center for Swiss flora.
  6. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 86 .
  7. ↑ Matthias Dumm et al. : Species protection project "Brauns Schildfarn". Interim assessment of the monitoring of an endangered fern species on the Meissner (Hesse). In: AFZ / Der Wald 22, 22-24. ( Online )
  8. ↑ a b Polystichum braunii (Spenn.) Fée - Brauns Schildfarn In: Profiles on the vascular plants of Bavaria. ( Online )

Web links

Commons : Brauns Schildfarn ( Polystichum braunii )  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files