Praguerie
Praguerie ( French , pronounced prag'rih) is the name given to an uprising of the French nobility under the leadership of the great vassals , which broke out in 1440 against the military reforms of King Charles VII of France . The name Praguerie comes from the Prague Hussite uprisings of 1419, with which the people compared these events in their own country.
The opposition , which also included the Dauphin , who later became King Louis XI. , belonged, arose from the diffuse discontent of the high nobility. One of the events preceding the uprising was the conspiracy of Prince John II of Alençon , John IV of Armagnac and Charles I of Bourbon to eliminate two of the king's advisers, Charles I of Maine and Arthur of Richemont . The conspiracy was discovered and had no consequences.
In October 1439, the Estates General gathered in Orléans demanded that the bustle of the Écorcheurs be put to an end - demobilized mercenaries who plundered and ravaged the country. On November 2, Charles VII responded with an army reform, which was rejected by the princes, on the one hand because the creation of a standing army , the so-called Ordonnanzkompanien , encroached on the privileges of the nobility, on the other hand because they themselves are many used these mercenaries for their own interests, and the King and Richemont did not want to leave a military monopoly. The first discontented were joined by other great barons, Georges de La Trémoille , Richemont's personal opponent, whom he had already tried to assassinate in 1433, and Jean de Dunois , the bastard of Orléans, who feared that the king would in his negotiations with the English would not achieve the release of his half-brother Charles of Orléans .
In February 1440, Johann von Alençon won the Dauphin for the plan to place the king under guardianship, to hand over command to Louis and to depose Richemont. Ludwig's betrayal is explained by Charles' refusal to give his son an appanage or an area to be administered. The conspirators took up arms, and the king's reaction was immediate. The princes had to give up the Poitou , from where they started, and take refuge in the Bourbonnais . The local nobility refused to give them allegiance and the cities of Auvergne closed their gates on them. In July, their uprising failed, and they submitted and were pardoned. They received pensions, the king also rewarded his own allies, and the Dauphin Ludwig was finally given the office of governor of the Dauphiné .
literature
- Alain Demurger: Temps de crises, temps d'éspoirs. XIVe-XVe siècle (= Nouvelle histoire de la France médiévale. Vol. 5 = Série histoire. Points. 205). Éditions du Seuil, Paris 1990, ISBN 2-02-012221-9 .
- Jean Favier : Louis XI. Fayard, Paris 2001, ISBN 2-213-61003-7 .