North program

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The North program was a program initiated by the Schleswig-Holstein state government ( Lübke II cabinet ), which comprised various structural policy measures at regional level between 1953 and 1988 . It was financed with funds from the state, the federal government and the European Community .

history

The structurally weak, agricultural area of ​​Schleswig-Holstein was the target of many refugees and displaced persons who were looking for a new home after the Second World War . The population increase from 1.6 million (1939) to 2.7 million (1948) brought severe social and economic problems with it. Although around 365,000 refugees had been resettled to other federal states by 1955, the urgent tasks that remained were the development and reorganization of rural areas, an agricultural reform and the creation of jobs and living space.

To alleviate the need, the then Social Democratic Prime Minister Hermann Lüdemann favored the plan in 1949 to form a northern state with greater economic power together with neighboring federal states . The plan failed.

One of his successors, the Christian Democratic Prime Minister Friedrich Wilhelm Lübke , had the first renovation program planned after taking office on June 25, 1951, which was based on the damage caused by the flood disaster of 1953 and in view of the inadequate protection on the west coast of Schleswig-Holstein a broader basis. On February 24, 1953, the state government passed the following resolution: The development of the distressed areas of the Schleswig region is an urgent task in the interest of the state's culture . A so-called "North Program" has been worked out as a solution. The implementation of the program ended after around 35 years around 1988.

organization

To coordinate the measures, the Schleswig-Holstein Land Recovery and Development Company with limited liability GmbH was founded, which has been operating as "Programm Nord" GmbH since 1970. The shareholders in the share capital of 20,000.00 DM were at the time of foundation

  • the state of Schleswig-Holstein with 60%,
  • the Federal Republic of Germany with 10%
  • and the districts of Flensburg-Land , Südtondern and Husum each with a 10% share.

In 1960, the state of Schleswig-Holstein reduced its share to 50%. The three districts provided 15% of the shares as shareholders. These free 25% shares were taken over by the districts of Eiderstedt , Norderdithmarschen , Süderdithmarschen , Rendsburg and Schleswig at 5% each. A total of eight districts now had a 40% shareholding.

In accordance with the partnership agreement, the object of the GmbH was to promote the general public through the overall development of the undeveloped areas in the company's work area, in particular the summary of the planning and coordination of all measures that serve this purpose, as well as the coordination of financing and participation in the management of funds.

In contrast to Emsland GmbH , the Schleswig-Holstein company did not directly manage the North program. The funding, which was supplemented by the federal funds from the financial equalization, came from the budget of the Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Forests. However, payments could only be made in agreement with the GmbH. Up to 1978 the total expenditure for the North program is given as 1.6 billion DM.

activities

The location on the west coast required water management drainage facilities because parts of the marsh are below sea level. At the same time, the facilities for the production of drinking and service water should not be located in the marsh, but in the Geest, in order to prevent salinisation of the marsh's own groundwater. The typical forest poverty of the country should be countered by afforestation in order to reduce the sand drift from the arable land. This resulted in a catalog of measures that affected the following infrastructure areas :

Special working groups existed for the individual areas. One of its tasks was to name those access areas that were most disadvantaged within Schleswig-Holstein.

Access areas

As of April 1, 1960, the North program covered a total area of ​​approx. 542,300 ha, which was divided into seven access areas:

  1. A: Wiedau - Bongsiel
  2. B: Arlau / Husumer Mühlenau
  3. C: Upper Treene
  4. D: Eiderstedt
  5. E: Eider Basin
  6. Q: Dithmarschen without the Eider Basin
  7. G: North Frisian Islands and Halligen .

According to the district division at that time, the entire development area included the districts of Südtondern , Husum , Eiderstedt , Norderdithmarschen and Süderdithmarschen . The natural disadvantages of these development areas included, in particular, the stresses caused by the tides (so-called water mortgage).

Projects

The North program began in the former Südtondern district, a border area with Denmark . As a first project, the Friedrich-Wilhelm-Lübke-Koog was realized, the dike was completed in 1954. Agricultural use of the Koog began in 1955; the settlement ended in 1959.

Another Koog project on the North Sea coast from 1958 to 1960 was the embankment of a 1,200 hectare area between Fahretoft and Ockholm . The new Koog, which also includes the construction of the Schlüttsiel port , has been called Hauke-Haien-Koog since its completion . Ten repatriate farms for farmers from the Treenen lowlands were built here .

literature

  • Claus Bielfeldt a. a. Authors: Character and benefits of the Landeskulturwerk Programm Nord . Reproduced manuscript, Kiel 1957
  • Claus Bielfeldt a. a. Authors: Land development as a social task. Shown using the example of the North program . Schaper, Hanover 1962
  • Uwe Danker , Astrid Schwabe: Films tell stories. Schleswig-Holstein in the 20th century . Wachholtz, Neumünster 2010, pp. 58-61, ISBN 978-3-529-02821-2
  • Uwe Danker: North Program . In: Klaus-Joachim Lorenzen-Schmidt , Ortwin Pelc (Ed.): Schleswig-Holstein Lexikon. 2nd edition, Wachholtz, Neumünster 2006, ISBN 3-529-02441-4 .
  • Uwe Danker: Agriculture and heavy industry in Schleswig-Holstein since 1960. Highlights on sectoral structural change . In: Robert Bohn u. a. (Ed.): Democratic history . Volume 18, 2007, pp. 166–216 (see PDF file under web links)
  • Dr. agr. Josef Dopheide: The agricultural and economic policy problems of the North program - shown using the example of the South Tondern district . Dissertation. Kiel 1971
  • Ernst Siegfried Hansen : Courier of the homeland. The game for Schleswig between surrender and Northern program . Heimat-Verlag, Bielefeld 1955
  • Werner Junge: The North Program . In: Carsten Fleischhauer, Guntram Turkowski: Schleswig-Holstein places of memory . Heide 2006, pp. 96-103
  • Lutz Lehmann: Schleswig-Holstein with special consideration of the North program . Lang, Frankfurt am Main a. a. 1988 ISBN

3-820-49197-X

  • Programm Nord GmbH: Targeted land development 25 years . Kiel 1979
  • Dietrich Wiebe : The North Program. Cultural landscape change through spatially effective state activity in Schleswig-Holstein . Schöningh, Paderborn 1979, ISBN 3-506-23532-X
  • Ursula Wenk: The central places on the west coast of Schleswig-Holstein with special consideration of the central places of the lower degree. New material on an important part of the Northern Program . Geographical Institute of the University of Kiel, Kiel 1968

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Lemma refugees. In: Klaus-Joachim Lorenzen-Schmidt, Ortwin Pelc (Ed.): Schleswig-Holstein Lexikon . 2nd edition, Wachholtz, Neumünster, 2006.
  2. ↑ Brockhaus Encyclopedia: Vol. 19, Verlag FA Brockhaus, Mannheim 1992, ISBN 3-7653-1119-7 , p. 411.
  3. ^ Dietrich Wiebe: The North Program. Cultural landscape change through spatially effective state activity in Schleswig-Holstein . Schöningh, Paderborn 1979, p. 1.
  4. ↑ a b c August Fröbe: Content and performance of the North Program 1953 to 1962 . In: Claus Bielfeldt u. a. Authors: Land development as a social task. Shown using the example of the North program . Schaper, Hannover 1962, pp. 88f.
  5. ↑ Uwe Danker, Astrid Schwabe: Films tell stories. Schleswig-Holstein in the 20th century . Wachholtz, Neumünster 2010, p. 58.
  6. ^ August Fröbe: Content and performance of the North Program 1953 to 1962 . In: Claus Bielfeldt u. a. Authors: Land development as a social task. Shown using the example of the North program . Schaper, Hannover 1962, pp. 89f and Map Annex 2.
  7. ↑ Claus Bielfeldt a. a. Authors: Land development as a social task. Shown using the example of the North program . Schaper, Hannover 1962, p. 10.