Propstei St. Kunibert

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St. Kunibert and the adjoining provost's estate around 1571

The provost office of the St. Kunibert monastery was one of the many administrative bodies of the Roman Catholic Church of the Archdiocese of Cologne that was set up in the early Middle Ages . It was overturned as an organization in connection with secularization in 1802 and its properties were confiscated. The provost's office was later owned by the Prussian treasury , from which it was acquired by the church council of St. Kunibert in 1820 . Until it was demolished in 1905, it served the parish as a rectory.

Emergence

Reconstruction and expansion of the original St. Kunibert Church are assumed for the 12th century and went hand in hand with the expansion of the Cologne suburb of Niederich . It was also a time when the wealth of the monastery and the number of its canons had grown enormously. This development is said to have been caused by the second survey of the relics of St. Kunibert , which took place in 1168. The renovations of the Kunibert Church, which began at the beginning of the 13th century, possibly also extended to the residence of the builder, the first provost of St. Kunibert known as such, who was named as a witness in a deed of Archbishop Adolf I in 1196 . Theodoric held this office from around 1195 to 1212 and later became Archbishop Theodoric of Trier .

Theodoric, provost and archbishop patron

The Propstei endowed with the canons of the Collegiate Monastery of St. Kunibert and its associated properties were once a gift from Archbishop Theodoric with a reservation. The condition of 1227 stipulated that the future Archbishops of Trier should also have the provost's quarters available.

Further development

The events from its early period concerning the chapter of the monastery are only sparsely documented. In 1386 the canons at the Kunibertsstift in Cologne are said to have rebelled against their dean (Stiftsdekan).

Notes on further building history

In 1376 the Niederich was hit particularly hard by a city ​​fire in which part of the parish and the Kunibert Church went up in flames. Apparently the provost's office was restored in the same year, as the city accounts noted “dom. nova subtus ecclesiam p. Cuniberti ".

Another fire or disrepair after 124 years will have been the reason for a new building or restoration to be carried out in 1508.  According to Vogts : "Like that of the St. Georg monastery, the St. Kunibert Provostry was designed as a high tower, crowned by a crenellated wreath , on which restoration began in 1508". According to Woensam's cityscape from 1531, the construction was not yet completed; Arnold Mercator's bird's-eye view shows the building with a new roof shape without a battlement.

  • Archway remains and reliefs of the old provost house
  • Cologne Altstadt-Nord Kunibertskloster 16 Monument 7202.jpg
  • Cologne Altstadt-Nord Kunibertskloster 12 to 16.jpg
  • Cologne Altstadt-Nord Kunibertskloster 12 archway reliefs.jpg

The property of the provost's office joined the collegiate church directly to the north and, according to Mercator's illustration, extended between the western “Calhauser gaß” leading to the former city ​​gate Kahlenhausener or Judenpforte and the alley “Off dem brand”, which sloped down to the Rhine. The tower-like, four-storey main building of the provost's office stood at the southeast edge of the property and was crowned by a tower ball above a low hip . This tower was joined by a single-storey development along today's Kunibertsklostergasse, which ended with a building at a right angle on "Calhauser gaß". The property, which consisted of about half a dozen other buildings, belonged to the monastery’s immunity district and was enclosed by a separate wall.

The archways of the enclosure of the former property are still preserved today. One of these passages in the property, which was later divided, refers to the year of construction in 1508 with its keystone. Above it is a stone relief, crowned by a coat of arms. Its inscription states that the provost "Friedericus Ludovi de Scampar" had construction work carried out again for the provost house in 1764.

Canons

  • Gervassius, 1163/69 Canon to St. Kunibert
  • Theoderich von Wied, Provost to St. Kunibert (around 1196 to 1212), from 1212 to 1242 Archbishop and Elector of Trier.
  • Bruno von Aremberg (Ahrberch), 1218–1237 provost of St. Kunibert
  • Johannes Overstolz, around 1320 canon at St. Kunibert. Founder of the Margaret and Quirinus altars of the church.
  • Constantine of Horn (de Cornu), 1333 provost of St. Kunibert
  • Heinrich Beyer, 1339 canon to St. Kunibert, notary and secretary of Archbishop Walram von Jülich , 1340 archbishop envoy to the Pope in Avignon .
  • Heinrich von Jülich, 1342 provost of St. Kunibert
  • Konrad von Leithen, 1361 provost of St. Kunibert.
  • Hermanus de Arcka (Hermann von der Arken), around 1434 canon and deacon at St. Kunibert also pastor of St. Brigiden .
  • Christian Meinershagen, around 1575 Canon and pastor at St. Kunibert.
  • Paul von Aussem was from 1656 canon at St. Kunibert, 1662 vicar general, 1675 rector of the University of Cologne, 1676 titular bishop of Almira and auxiliary bishop in Cologne.
  • Adoph Bingen, 1691–1721 canon and dean of St. Kunibert.
  • Johannes Holzemius, Canon and Scholasticus. His tomb names the year of death 1721 as a chronogram .
  • Friedericus Ludovi de Scampar, canon around 1764 (Praepositus et Archidiaconus S. Cuniberti, Metropolitanae S. Severini).

Dissolution and conversion of the provost's office

When the French came to power in the Rhineland on the left bank of the Rhine in 1802, the church organizations were abolished and the spiritual property was expropriated. Details of the use of the Propsteig buildings during the French period are apparently not known. They were later owned by the Prussian treasury , which subordinated such assets to domain administration. In 1820, the parish council of St. Kunibert was able to purchase the former provost's office, which had been confiscated two years earlier and put up for auction, at a price of 3760 thalers .

City architect JP Weyer described the property as originally consisting of separate houses, so that in 1820–1826 the entire complex of the old provost was divided according to this pattern, from which a separate plot of land with a rectory and another on which a temporary school was set up. emerged.

Art treasures of the Propstei

In the old provost's office, which then became a parsonage, there were significant art treasures from different epochs of the monastery and its church during the Prussian period. The listed objects were recorded in 1905/06 at the latest and were described in detail. The descriptions not only refer to well-known artists, but often also name the donors of the works, who mostly belong to the clergy.

  • Canon of the 17th century (Fam. Zum Pütz)

  • Pastor of the 18th century in front of his collegiate church

  • Triptych from the school of Barthel Bruyn, 16th century, donor Canonikus Meinershagen

Painting collection

  • Two paintings, oil on wood, 120 cm high, 55 cm wide, each with two figures of saints, showed handcrafted paintings from the school of the master of the life of Mary . On one picture there were depictions of St. Severin and St. Elisabeth, on the other wing St. Joseph and St. Kunibert.
  • Painting, oil on wood, 107 cm high, 88 cm wide, from the 17th century. A portrait of Paulus Aussem, Canonicus von St. Kunibert; left side view of the Kunibertskirche. Above the church was St. Kunibert in clouds surrounded by angels and at the top right a label with the inscription: PAULUS AUSSEMIUS COLONIENSIS SANCTI CUNIBERTI CANONICUS AETATIS 44 ANNO 1629 was incorporated.
  • Triptych , oil on wood, height 0.71 m, width of the middle section 0.63 m, width of the wings 0.34 m, from the school of Barthel Bruyn , from the middle of the 16th century. The center piece contains a harsh depiction of the Last Judgment with a harsh color. Above Christ enthroned on a rainbow in the midst of clouds. On the side of the Christ figure Mary with bare chest and John, above these two figures angels with trumpets. On the lower side of the picture on the left the blessed are led by Peter into heaven; right devil, tormenting the damned. On the two inner wings on the left the Mother of God with the baby Jesus standing on the clouds, on the right St. Cunibert, in front of it Pastor Meinershagen kneeling. The Annunciation on the outer side of the wings . On the base is the inscription: “ANNO 1556 THE 20th DAY SEPTEMBRIS STARFF THE REVENANT MASTER CHRISTIAIN MEYNERSHAGEN OF THESE COLLEGIATE CHURCHES CANONICK AND PASTOR GENAED TO DYNKER OF THE SELENOUS GOD”. The winged altar is now in the Church of St. Kunibert.
  • Painting, oil on linen, 81 cm wide, 92 cm high, 18th century. Portrait of a canon. On the back there was the indication: AETATIS 69. PA SCHMITZ F. 1749.
  • Painting, oil on linen, 123 cm high, 96 cm wide, 18th century. Portrait of a pastor of St. Cunibert with good characteristics. The sitter is dressed in an ermine fur and a stole . The left hand holds a book, the right a scepter lying on a table. In the background the St. Kunibert's Church.
  • Painting, oil on panel, 1.50 m high, 0.96 m wide, 17th century. Two neglected old wing paintings that were subsequently put together in a frame. They represented St. Clement on the left and St. Nicholas on the right.
  • Painting, oil on panel, 1.15 m high, 0.98 m wide, from the middle of the 16th century. In the middle the thorn-crowned Christ was depicted, on the right Pilate and on the left the donor , a cleric in Rochette, with a red collar. Above the figure of the founder, the viewer saw a landscape.
  • Painting, oil on wood, 100 cm high, 78 cm wide. Portrait of a canon (zum Pütz, a family that has been one of the mayors of the city of Cologne for generations). 1624 AET. 30. A fountain in a small heraldic shield . The painting is probably identical to the painting to be found in the south aisle of St. Kunibert.
  • Painting, 80 cm high, 100 cm wide with the Lamentation of Christ . It has been described as an expressive picture painted in the manner of A. van Dyck .
  • Painting, 100 cm high, 80 cm wide from the 17th century. Ecce Homo as the main motif, next to which a canon of St. Cunibert was depicted on the left.
  • Painting, 100 cm high, 75 cm wide, from the 18th century. Portrait of a priest who may have portrayed Pastor Hilger von St. Cunibert.
  • Painting, 70 cm high, 50 cm wide, from the 17th century. The picture depicts the ransom of "Turkish prisoners" by monks of the Trinitarian order.

The listing of the painting collection ended with the note: In addition, three completely neglected, little significant oil paintings from the 18th century with portraits of the canons.

Monument protection

The preserved gates of the Propstei, a pointed arch portal made of stone were built in the 15th century and the round arch portal in a stepped gable with a coat of arms and an inscription plaque above the year 1508 carved into the apex . The former gates of the Propstei belonging to the Kunibert monastery were placed under monument protection , as they also demonstrate the quality of the building workmanship of Cologne's Gothic and Renaissance times .

literature

  • Hermann Keussen , Topography of the City of Cologne in the Middle Ages. in 2 volumes. Cologne 1910. Reprint: Droste-Verlag, Düsseldorf 1986, ISBN 3-7700-7560-9 and ISBN 3-7700-7561-7 .
  • Hans Vogts : The Cologne house until the beginning of the 19th century. Cologne, 1966 (extended new edition of the 1914 edition)
  • Wilhelm Ewald and Hugo Rahtgens, in: Paul Clemen, Volume 6: Die Kunstdenkmäler der Stadt Köln. 1906. First Volume IV Dept .: The church monuments of the city of Cologne: St. Alban, St. Andreas, Antoniterkirche, St. Aposteln, St. Cäcilia, St. Columba, St. Cunibert, Elendskirche, St. Georg. Printing and publishing house Schwann, Düsseldorf 1906
  • Käthe Menne-Thomé. Between Eigelstein and the Rhine . In Colonia Romanica yearbook of the Friends of Roman Churches Kön e. V. 1992

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Hermann Keussen, with reference to Regesten Trier 339 (Theod. Archiep. Trev. Olim prep. S. Cuniberti) Volume II, Chapter IX Niederich District, p. 113, Sp. B
  2. ↑ a b Käthe Menne-Thomé, Between Eigelstein and Rhein , Cologne 1992. pp. 184–1986
  3. ^ A b Richard Knipping in: Regest of the Archbishops of Cologne in the Middle Ages. 2nd volume. Bonn 1901. No. 1502
  4. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Wilhelm Ewald and Hugo Rahtgens, in: Paul Clemen, Volume 6: Die Kunstdenkmäler der Stadt Köln. 1906. St. Cunibert, p. 231 ff
  5. ^ OR Redling, Annals of the Historical Association of the Lower Rhine, LXXIV, p. 103
  6. ↑ Hermann Keussen, Volume I., pp. 78, 181 ff
  7. ↑ Hans Vogts, Das Kölner Wohnhaus up to the beginning of the 19th century , Volume I, pages 27, 32, Volume II, p. 778
  8. ^ Richard Knipping in: Regest of the Archbishops of Cologne in the Middle Ages. 3rd volume. No. 208, No. 224.Bonn 1901
  9. ^ Wilhelm Janssen: The regests of the archbishops of Cologne in the Middle Ages . Vol. V. Cologne-Bonn 1973 No. 169. With reference to: HAStK Kunibert, certificate 205
  10. ^ Wilhelm Janssen, Regesten of the Archbishops of Cologne in the Middle Ages. Volume 5, No. 660, No. 1116
  11. ↑ AD vd Brincken, Das Stift St. Georg p. 37
  12. ^ Wilhelm Janssen, "Regest of the Archbishops of Cologne in the Middle Ages". VI. Tape. Cologne-Bonn 1977 No. 1466
  13. ↑ SCALES, Kl. Writings II, 1854, p 397._ Merlo, Cologne. Künstler, Sp. 1165. - Annual report of the Christian Art Association of the Archdiocese of Cologne 1909. P. 12.

Web links

Commons : Propstei St. Kunibert  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 50 ° 56 ′ 50.8 "  N , 6 ° 57 ′ 46.8"  E