Pseudo anger

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The pseudorabies (also pseudorabies , pseudorabies , Juckseuche , Juckpest , infectious bulbar paralysis , Toll scabies , disease Aujeszky , Aujeszky's disease or Aujeszky's disease , germ .: mad itch ) is one of the Aujeszky virus induced, compulsorily notifiable disease with low pathogenicity for humans . The pathogen belongs to the herpes virus family , subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae , genus Varicellovirus . It is also called pseudorabies virus (PrV) or suides herpesvirus 1 (SuHV-1). Its real hosts are pigs (Latin: Suidae), hence the name of the virus. The disease is named after the Hungarian veterinarian Aladár Aujeszky .

Epidemiology and symptoms

The infection is fatal in almost all mammals . However, primates and thus humans are not susceptible to the virus. In pigs, it is a general cyclical infection with virus spreading via lymph and blood vessels and nerves. The central nervous system and the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract are preferred organs of manifestation. As with all herpes infections, SHV-1 in pigs has a latent (mostly lifelong) infection that is reactivated, especially under stress.

In cattle , dogs , wolves , cats and sheep , it is fast becoming a brain - and spinal cord inflammation with central nervous symptoms in cattle and dogs in addition to severe itching , and after the death of the animal. All of these so-called “final hosts” never excrete the virus and must have been infected via domestic pigs or wild boars (possibly also via contaminated equipment, dirty boots and so on).

Suckling pigs show neuronal symptoms with ataxia and cramps , and they usually die within a few days. Pigs over four weeks of age survive the disease, they are the actual main hosts of the virus. Younger pigs still show neuronal symptoms, fattening pigs show respiratory symptoms. The disease leads to large losses in pig production farms, on the one hand due to piglet mortality, and on the other hand due to the reduced daily weight gain and the associated extended fattening periods. The infection takes place through direct (from pig to pig) or indirect contact (trucks not cleaned, feed suppliers, visitors), in rare cases also through the air. The most common sources of infection are purchased latently infected breeding animals (change of location → stress → reactivation) or infected fattening pigs.

Combat

Pseudo anger is notifiable and is combated by the state in many countries. In Germany there is an obligation to notify the disease according to the Animal Health Act (TierGesG). According to the Austrian Animal Disease Act , pseudo rage is a notifiable animal disease.

Remedial measures include monitoring the pig population through regular blood tests , sanctions such as the closure of farms and culling .

There is also the possibility of vaccination ; this is used with success in heavily contaminated areas, but it only protects against the symptoms (no losses for the farmer), not against infection. Vaccinated animals can also have latent herpes infections and may introduce them into an unvaccinated population. Vaccination must therefore be banned in officially recognized virus-free countries (e.g. in Switzerland ). The introduction of the disease by wild boars in species-appropriate pig husbandry (with outdoor exercise) represents a great danger . Hunting wild boar has a preventive function against the spread.

Pseudo anger-free countries

In 2004 the following countries in Europe were still free of pseudo rage:

The above information relates primarily to domestic pigs ; cases of Aujeszky's disease in wild boar can also occur in countries where the domestic pig population is not affected by the disease. In Germany and Austria, sporadic deaths are known among hunting dogs that contract the virus while hunting wild boar. In NRW, for example, almost 10% of wild boars are virus carriers. It can be assumed that similar values ​​apply to neighboring or other countries. In 2016 and 2017 there were new cases of this epidemic in Germany , so far in Lower Saxony, Rhineland-Palatinate, Thuringia and Bavaria.

Current data on infection in Europe and worldwide, including other animal diseases, are available from the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE).

See also

rabies

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ http://www.animal-health-online.de/gross/2012/01/05/immer-noch-eine-bedrohung-aujeszky-virus-bei-einem-wolf-in-belgien/19515/
  2. ↑ Ordinance on notifiable animal diseases in the version published on July 19, 2011 ( Federal Law Gazette I p. 1404 ), amended by Article 3 of the Ordinance of May 3, 2016 ( Federal Law Gazette I p. 1057 ) in conjunction with Section 4 of the Act for the prevention and control of animal diseases (Animal Health Act - TierGesG) of May 22, 2013 ( Federal Law Gazette I, p. 1324 ), last amended by Article 8, paragraph 12 of the law of December 3, 2015 ( Federal Law Gazette I, p. 2178 )
  3. ↑ § 16 Animal Diseases Act of August 26, 1909, last amended in 2006 (Federal Law Gazette I No. 136/2006)
  4. ^ Lower Saxony State Office for Consumer Protection and Food Safety: Aujeszky's disease
  5. ↑ Ziekte van Aujeszky, Wageningen University
  6. ↑ D. Thaller et al. Evidence of Aujeszky's disease in a dog in Austria In: Wiener Tierärztliche Monatsschrift. 2006, 93, pp. 62-67.
  7. ↑ Walburga Lutz, Research Center for Hunting and Game Damage Prevention, Bonn, in Rheinisch Westfälischer Jäger. 6/2009.
  8. ↑ http://www.rp-online.de/leben/pets/hunde/pseudowut-toedliche-hundekrankheit-breit-sich-aus-aid-1.6494808
  9. ↑ Warning: wild boars with pseudo anger in Bavaria . In: New Germany . December 28, 2016, ISSN  0323-3375 , p. 11 .
  10. ↑ Rasso Walch: Aujeszky's disease: Two hunting dogs dead, hunting life 2017
  11. ↑ List of diseases for which data are available on the OIW website