Puerto Rican emerald hummingbird

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Puerto Rican emerald hummingbird
Puerto Rico emerald hummingbird ♀

Puerto Rico emerald hummingbird ♀

Systematics
Order : Sailor birds (Apodiformes)
Family : Hummingbirds (Trochilidae)
Tribe : Bees (Mellisugini)
Genre : Emerald Hummingbirds ( Chlorostilbon )
Type : Puerto Rican emerald hummingbird
Scientific name
Chlorostilbon maugaeus
( Audebert & Vieillot , 1801)

The Puerto Rican emerald hummingbird ( Chlorostilbon maugaeus ) is a species of bird in the hummingbird family (Trochilidae) that is endemic to Puerto Rico . The IUCN assesses the population as Least Concern . The species is considered to be monotypical .

features

The male Puerto Rico emerald hummingbird reaches a body length of about 8.5 to 9.5 cm, the female from about 7.5 to 8.5 cm with a weight of about 3.4 to 3.8 g. The male has a short, straight beak, with the upper beak dull black and the lower beak red with a black tip. The front skull and the top of the head shimmer green, the top and the upper tail-coverts glow metallic green. The throat shimmers blue-green, the rest of the underside and the under tail-coverts glow green. The forked tail shimmers steel blue. The female has a black beak. The front skull and the skull are dull dark green. The top and the upper tail coverts shine grass green. The throat and chest are light gray, which becomes darker on the belly. The tail is less forked, the outer tail- feathers are pale white at the base. In the middle they turn brown and have a large white spot. The second outermost control feathers shimmer greenish white and merge into steel blue at the base and also have the white spot. The next two inner control springs are green from base to center, the rest is dull brown. The inner control springs appear green. Young birds are similar in color to the females.

Behavior and nutrition

The Puerto Rican emerald hummingbird gets its nectar from a wide range of plants. So he flies Hohenbergia portorricensis , vriesea sintenisii , Dilomilis montana , plants of the genus Epidendrum , Hedychium coronarium , Renealmia antillarum , Justicia martinsoniana , Ruellia coccinea , Sanchezia nobilis , Thunbergia erecta , Spathodea campanulata , Tabebuia haemantha , Tabebuia rigida , schumanniana Tabebuia , clusia krugiana , Clusia minor , Erythrina berteroana , Neorudolphia volubilis and Sabinea punicea . As a trapliner, it flies to flowers of these plants in quick succession. The arthropods it feeds on include flies, constant-winged birds , hymenoptera and smaller spiders. He collects these from branches and tree leaves.

Reproduction

The breeding season for the Puerto Rican emerald hummingbird is from February to March, but breeding activities are irregular throughout the year. The compact nest is shaped like a small chalice. It is built from dry plant fibers like tree fern scales. He lays these out with wild cotton and other soft materials. The outside is decorated with lichen. Usually the nest is built in deep to medium-sized plants and trees. A clutch consists of two eggs. The incubation period is 14 to 16 days, with the eggs only being incubated by the female. The chicks are dark gray with two dark stripes on top. The nestlings fledge at 20 to 22 days. The first brood occurs in the second year of life.

Vocalizations

His singing includes a repeated phrase of twittering with light-sounding diminishing notes. This is followed by a series of almost lisping tones and in a constant pitch, tones that sound like tsiritsitsitsi-tslu-tslu-tslu-tslu-tslu . A phrase takes about 2 seconds. In addition, it emits bright tsik sounds and irregular series of si..si..sik-sik… tsik .. tones.

distribution and habitat

Distribution area of ​​the Puerto Rico Emerald Hummingbird

The Puerto Rican emerald hummingbird likes everything from coastal mangroves to mountain tops with forest. It occurs in open forests, groves and coffee plantations at altitudes from sea level to 800 meters. It gets its food in the lower to middle strata in about one to six meters above the ground.

migration

The Puerto Rican emerald hummingbird is considered a resident bird .

Etymology and history of research

The first description of the Puerto Rico emerald hummingbird was in 1801 by Jean Baptiste Audebert and Louis Pierre Vieillot under the scientific name Trochilus Maugaeus . The type specimen came from Costa Rica and was collected by René Maugé (1757–1802). It was John Gould who introduced the new genus Chlorostilbon in 1853 . Only later was the Puerto Rican emerald hummingbird assigned to this genus. "Chlorostilbon" is made up of the Greek words "chlōros χλωρός " for "green" and "stilbōn στίλβων " for "shining". The Greeks gave Mercury the nickname Stilbōn, which is due to the verb "stilb" for "blink". The species name "maugaeus" is dedicated to the man who collected the type specimen.

literature

  • Ralf Bündgen, Peter Boesman in: Josep del Hoyo , Andrew Elliott, Jordi Sargatal , David Andrew Christie, Eduardo de Juana: Puerto Rican Emerald (Chlorostilbon maugaeus) in Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive . Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
  • James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
  • Jean Baptiste Audebert, Louis Pierre Vieillot: Oiseaux Dorés ou à Reflets Métalliques. Histoire Naturelle et Générale des Colibris, Oiseaux-Mouches, Jacamars et Promerops . tape 1 . Desray, Paris ( gallica.bnf.fr - 1801-1802).
  • John Gould: A monograph of the Trochilidæ, or family of humming-birds . tape 5 , delivery 5. Taylor and Francis, London 1853 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Frederick Herschel Waterhouse: The dates of publication of some of the zoological works of the late John Gould, FRS RH Porter, London 1885 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).

Web links

Commons : Puerto Rican emerald hummingbird ( Chlorostilbon maugaeus )  - Collection of images, videos, and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ IOC World Bird List Hummingbirds
  2. ↑ a b c d e f Ralf Bündgen u. a.
  3. ↑ a b Jean Baptiste Audebert u. a. (Edition 1), pp. 77 & 79, plates 37 & 38.
  4. ^ John Gould, plate 355 plus text
  5. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 103.

Remarks

  1. ↑ According to Frederick Herschel Waterhouse p. 47, Plate 355 appeared as part of Delivery 5 from 1853. Here Gould assigned the Chlorostilbon prasinus , a synonym for the blue-tailed emerald hummingbird ( Chlorostilbon mellisugus ( Linnaeus , 1758)) to the genus.