Purple carnation
| Purple carnation | ||||||||||||
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Purple Thrift ( Armeria maritima subsp. Purpurea ) |
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| Armeria maritima subsp. purpurea | ||||||||||||
| ( K.Koch ) Á.Löve & D.Löve |
The purple carnation ( Armeria maritima subsp. Purpurea ) is a subspecies of the beach carnation ( Armeria maritima ) within the leadwort family (Plumbaginaceae). It is very rare worldwide.
Plant description
This subspecies is a perennial herbaceous plant that reaches heights of up to 40 centimeters. It has a very strong, screw-like taproot. This hemicryptophyte forms rosettes with leafless stems . The leaves are blunt, glabrous or weakly eyelashed at the base and usually have one, more rarely three nerves. They are lanceolate to narrow-linear in shape, 5 to 12 cm long and 2 to 3 mm wide.
It blooms mainly in May and June. The flowers sit in head-shaped inflorescences that have a diameter of about 15 to 20 mm and are surrounded by a bract. The bracts are bright brown in color and up to 20 mm long, the outer blunt or pointed, the inner blunt. The sepals are funnel-shaped and have a dry-skinned, five-lobed edge. The petals are pink to purple in color and only fused at the base. The fruits fall out with the cups.
Occurrence
General distribution
Armeria maritima subsp. purpurea is a glacial relic that occurs worldwide only in the Benninger Ried nature reserve near Memmingen ( Unterallgäu district ). According to the botanist Sandro Pignatti , a few populations in northern Italy on the southern edge of the Alps can also be assigned to this subspecies. Furthermore, the purple carnation was still found on Lake Constance until the early 1960s . However, their occurrences there have apparently now been extinguished.
Location claims and socialization
The purple carnation grows on nutrient-poor, boggy to boggy lime spring chalk, preferably on the edges of spring funnels and springs. At Lake Constance the species was a character species of the Deschampsietum rhenanae, at Memmingen it thrives in societies of the Cratoneurion in contact with the Primulo-Schoenetum.
Others
The purple-Grasnelke differs from the very similar, closely related Armeria alpina ( Armeria maritima subsp. Alpina ) (mm 12 to 20 on by the longer bracts Armeria maritima subsp. Purpurea , 8 to 13 mm in Armeria maritima subsp. Alpina ) and the greater length of the stem (up to 40 cm in Armeria maritima subsp. purpurea , up to 20 cm in Armeria maritima subsp. alpina ).
Species protection
Endangerment in Germany: Category 1: threatened with extinction.
photos
Purple carnation
Purple carnation (head with bract)
Purple carnation (inflorescence)
literature
- Christian August Friedrich Garcke : Illustrierte Flora , 1972, Paul Parey publishing house, ISBN 3-489-68034-0 .
- Sebald, Seybold, Philippi: The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg , 1990, Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart, ISBN 3-8001-3366-0 .
- Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald, Raimund Fischer: Excursion flora of Austria. Ed .: Manfred A. Fischer . Ulmer, Stuttgart / Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-8001-3461-6 .
- August Binz , Christian Heitz: School and excursion flora for Switzerland , 1986, Schwabe & Co. AG, Basel, ISBN 3-7965-0832-4 .
- Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora , 1990, Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart, ISBN 3-8001-3454-3 .
Individual evidence
- ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 746 .
