Alpine carnation

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Alpine carnation
Alpine carnation (Armeria alpina)

Alpine carnation ( Armeria alpina )

Systematics
Eudicotyledons
Nuclear eudicotyledons
Order : Clove-like (Caryophyllales)
Family : Leadwort family (Plumbaginaceae)
Genre : Carnation ( armeria )
Type : Alpine carnation
Scientific name
Armeria alpina
Willd.

The alpine carnation ( Armeria alpina ) is a species of the genus grass carnation ( Armeria ) within the leadwort family (Plumbaginaceae).

Common names

The alpine carnation is not a species from the genus Carnation , but actually belongs to a different family. The common name Schwundkraut recalls its use as a medicinal plant against pulmonary consumption . The name Schlernhexen , which is common in South Tyrol , probably refers to their little fruit heads rustling in the mountain wind. A common French name is Arméria des Alpes and an Italian Spillone alpino.

description

Illustration from the Atlas of the Alpine Flora
Inflorescences
Habitus with inflorescences with easily recognizable, durable calyxes in the habitat

Vegetative characteristics

The alpine carnation is a perennial herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 5 to 30 centimeters. It forms dense cushions.

The leaves are arranged in a basal rosette. The mostly upright, simple, grass-like, 30 to 80 millimeters long and mostly 2 to 4 (1.5 to 5) millimeters relatively narrow, mostly bare leaf blades are linear to linear-lanceolate with a blunt upper end and entire margins and have a light translucent Hem and are one to three nerved.

Generative characteristics

The flowering period extends from June to September. The upright inflorescence shafts are leafless and mostly glabrous. The head-shaped inflorescence with a diameter of rarely 15 to mostly 18 to 30 millimeters contains many flowers. The 10 to 13 bracts are 8 to 13 millimeters long and not pointed; the outer ones are about as long as the inner ones. Towards the bottom, the dry-skinned bracts envelop the stem and form a 6 to 14, rarely up to 20 millimeter long sheath. The flower stalk is 2 to 3 millimeters long.

The flowers give off a delicate coumarin odor . The hermaphrodite flowers are five-fold with a double flower envelope . The five sepals are fused together in a funnel shape for at least three quarters of their length and also surround the ripe fruit. The ten-ribbed, 6 to 7.5 millimeter long calyx tube is usually hairy on the ribs or completely downy, rarely bald. The five 1 to 1.7, rarely up to 2 millimeter long calyx lobes are membranous. The five petals are only fused at their base. The petals pink to purple, rarely white. There is only one circle with five free stamens that do not protrude above the corolla. The stamens are fused with the base of the petals. The five free styles are hairy in the upper area.

The dry fruit, covered by the calyx, opens in a ring at its base and contains only one seed.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 18.

ecology

The fruit stands are winter stalks .

Occurrence

The alpine carnation is particularly widespread in the southern Alps and in the European mountains from the central Pyrenees to the western Carpathians and the Balkan Mountains . It occurs from southwest through central to southeast Europe. There are localities for the countries Spain , France , northern Italy , Switzerland , Austria , Czech Republic , Hungary , Slovakia , Serbia , Slovenia , Montenegro , Bulgaria , Romania and Albania . It occurs in Switzerland in the cantons of Graubünden , Ticino and in eastern Valais . It is scattered to moderately common in Austria and is absent in Vienna, Vorarlberg and Burgenland.

It thrives on stony soils, open lawns, rubble and crevices. It occurs at altitudes from 1500 to 3000 meters. It occurs in plant communities of the crooked sedge (Caricetalia curvulae), in societies of the order Seslerietalia albicantis and in the Elynetum.

The alpine carnation originated in the Alps themselves, where they survived the ice ages in the marginal refuges of the Eastern and Southern Alps (where they are still the main occurrence today) and in isolated cases on Nunatakkern in the Northern Alps. It was enabled by its pronounced frost resistance and its preference for steep southern slopes.

Illustration from Germany's flora in images based on nature

Systematics

The first publication of Armeria alpina took place in 1809 by Carl Ludwig von Willdenow in Enumeratio Plantarum Horti Regii Botanici Berolinensis: continens descriptiones omnium vegetabilium in horto dicto cultorum ... , 1: page 333. There are the later published homonyms : Armeria alpina Turcz. (1852), Armeria alpina Friv. ex Griseb. (1846), Armeria alpina Ten. (1831), Armeria alpina Ebel (1840), Armeria alpina Guss. (1827). Synonyms for Armeria alpina Willd. are: Armeria maritima subsp. alpina (Willd.) P. Silva , Armeria pubinervis Boiss. , Armeria pubinervis subsp. orissonensis Donad. , Statice cantabrica subsp. pubinervis (Boiss.) P. Fourn. , Statice montana Mill. , Armeria alpina subsp. pumila (foot) Jáv.

Depending on the author, there are several subspecies of Armeria alpina :

  • Armeria alpina Willd. subsp. alpina
  • Armeria alpina subsp. bubanii (GHMLawr.) Rivas Mart. (Syn .: Armeria bubanii G.HMLawr. , Armeria alpina subsp. Bubanii (GHMLawr) Malag.. ): You only occurs in Spain.
  • Armeria alpina subsp. halleri (Wallr.) Nyman (Syn .: Armeria halleri Wallr. , Armeria maritima subsp. halleri (Wallr.) Rothm. , Armeria mulleri A.Huet , Armeria maritima subsp. bottendorfensis (AAHSchulz) Rothm. , Armeria maritima subsp. hornburgensis ( AAHSchulz) Rothm. , Armeria maritima subsp. Serpentini (Gauckler) Rothm. , Statice armeria subsp. Mulleri (A.Huet) P.Fourn. ): It occurs from Spain via France, the Netherlands and Germany to Poland .
  • Armeria alpina subsp. occasiana (Bernis) Rivas Mart. : It only occurs in Spain.

Many authors use the synonym Armeria maritima subsp for this species . alpina (Willd.) P.Silva , so there it is a subspecies of Armeria maritima .

use

It is rarely used as an ornamental plant.

literature

  • Xaver Finkenzeller, Jürke Grau: Alpine flowers. Recognize and determine (=  Steinbach's natural guide ). Mosaik, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-576-11482-3 .
  • Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald, Raimund Fischer: Excursion flora of Austria . Ed .: Manfred A. Fischer. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart / Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-8001-3461-6 .
  • TG Tutin, VH Heywood, NA Burges, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb (Eds.): Flora Europaea . Volume 3: Diapensiaceae to Myoporaceae . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1972, ISBN 0-521-08489-X , pp. 33 (English, limited preview in Google Book search).

Individual evidence

  1. a b data sheet with photos and distribution at Schede di Botanica .
  2. a b c d e Armeria alpina Willd. s. st. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora . Retrieved August 31, 2017.
  3. a b c d e TG Tutin, VH Heywood, NA Burges, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb (eds.): Flora Europaea . Volume 3: Diapensiaceae to Myoporaceae . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1972, ISBN 0-521-08489-X , pp. 33 (English, limited preview in Google Book search).
  4. a b c d e Plumbaginaceae - Armeria : Flora Iberica: Plantas vasculares de la Peninsula Ibérica e Islas Baleares , LV, p. 713.
  5. a b c d Thomas Meyer: data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia ).
  6. a b c Plumbaginaceae / Armeria alpina (Armeria maritima subsp. Alpina) - Alpine carnation - data sheet with photo at Botanik im Bild , December 7, 2002
  7. a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  746 .
  8. a b c d e f G. Domina, 2011: Plumbaginaceae. Datasheet at Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity . Last accessed on August 6, 2017
  9. Armeria alpina in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved August 31, 2017.
  10. Armeria alpina at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed August 31, 2017.

Web links

Commons : Alpen-Grasnelke ( Armeria alpina )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files