Purple cranesbill

Purple cranesbill
	Purple cranesbill ( Geranium purpureum ) near Trieste
Systematics
	Rosids
	Eurosiden II
Order :	Cranesbill (geraniales)
Family :	Cranesbill family (Geraniaceae)
Genre :	Cranesbills ( geranium )
Type :	Purple cranesbill
Scientific name
	Geranium purpureum
	Vill.

The purple cranesbill ( Geranium purpureum ) is a plant of the genus geranium ( Geranium ) within the family of geraniaceae (Geraniaceae).

description

Habitus

inflorescence

Radially symmetrical, five-fold flowers standing together in pairs

The calyx is almost entirely covered with short glandular hairs. The sepals have a 0.5–1 mm long awn.

Solitary capsule fruits

The plate of the petals is oblong-elliptical.

Vegetative characteristics

The purple cranesbill is an annual herbaceous plant that can reach heights of up to 30 centimeters. It grows well branched and is hairy. The leaves are composed of three to five-fold, the leaflets are once or twice pinnate.

Generative characteristics

The flowering period extends from April to June. The flowers stand together in pairs.

The relatively small flowers are hermaphrodite, radial symmetry and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The five sepals have an awn up to 1 millimeter long and short glandular hairs. The five intense rose-red colored petals are elongated and elliptical. The nectaries are fused in a ring. The yellow anthers are 0.2 to 0.4 millimeters long. The scars are pink. The fruit flaps are very wrinkled.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 32.

Differences to Ruprecht's herb

The purple cranesbill is closely related to the Ruprecht's herb ( Geranium robertianum ). Some authors therefore put it as a subspecies Geranium robertianum subsp. purpureum to the Ruprecht herb. The most striking differences are the yellow stamens (Ruprecht's herb: red-brown), the smaller, more intensely colored flowers with unbranched veins and the spherical (Ruprecht's herb: jug-like) calyx with glandular hairs but without longer glandeless hairs.

Occurrence

The purple cranesbill is widespread throughout the Mediterranean and Western Europe. In West Asia it occurs as far as Iran . In England its distribution area extends to 52 ° north latitude and also in Central Europe it spreads further north. He was observed for the first time in Austria in 1990. In 2009 it was found in several places in Austria, especially in railway gravel. It prefers sunny, dry locations. In southern Europe, it occurs mainly in companies of the Alliarion association.

Taxonomy

The first publication of Geranium purpureum was by Dominique Villars . A synonym of Geranium purpureum Vill. is Geranium robertianum subsp. purpureum (Vill.) Nyman .

swell

literature

Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 .
Eckehart J. Jäger (ed.): Excursion flora from Germany. Founded by Werner Rothmaler. Volume 3: Vascular plants: satin ribbon . 11th edition. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-8274-1842-5 , p. 340.
DA Webb, I., K. Ferguson: Geranium. In: TG Tutin, VH Heywood, NA Burges, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb (eds.): Flora Europaea . Volume 2: Rosaceae to Umbelliferae . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1968, ISBN 0-521-06662-X , pp. 198–199 (English, limited preview in Google Book Search).

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 628 .
↑ H. Melzer: Geranium purpureum VILL., The purple cranesbill - new for the flora of Austria, and Papaver confine JORD., A new poppy for Styria. In: Negotiations of the Zoological-Botanical Society in Austria. Volume 127, 1990, pp. 161-164 ( PDF file ).

Web links

Commons : Purple cranesbill ( Geranium purpureum ) - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Purple cranesbill . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
Geranium purpureum Vill., Purple cranesbill. In: FloraWeb.de.
Profile and distribution map for Bavaria . In: Botanical Information Hub of Bavaria .
Geranium robertianum subsp. purpureum (Vill.) Nyman In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora . Retrieved November 29, 2015.
Distribution in the northern hemisphere according to: Eric Hultén , Magnus Fries: Atlas of North European vascular plants 1986, ISBN 3-87429-263-0 .
Thomas Meyer: Data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia )
Data sheet with photos and distribution in Portugal at flora-on .

[Oberdorfer2001-1] Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 628 .

[Melzer-2] H. Melzer: Geranium purpureum VILL., The purple cranesbill - new for the flora of Austria, and Papaver confine JORD., A new poppy for Styria. In: Negotiations of the Zoological-Botanical Society in Austria. Volume 127, 1990, pp. 161-164 ( PDF file ).