Pustosersk
Pustosersk ( Russian Пустозерск , also Pustosjorsk, Пустозёрск ) is a former city on the Pechora , on what is now the Nenets Autonomous Okrug in northern Russia .
geography
Pustosersk was near an arm of the Pechora, about 100 kilometers from the mouth of the Arctic Ocean on the western shore of Lake Pustoje, which gave the city its name ( Pustoje osero means "empty lake" in Russian; today the lake is called Gorodetskoye Lake ). The city was beyond the Arctic Circle at 67 ° 32 '0 " N , 52 ° 35' 0" E. , about 20 kilometers southwest of today's Narjan-Mar . Today, three kilometers to the northeast, on the other side of the lake, lies the small village Ustje (50 inhabitants), which is part of the village soviet Telvisochny heard.
history
Pustosersk was in the autumn of 1499 on the orders of Tsar Ivan III. Founded as the first Russian city beyond the Arctic Circle and an outpost of Moscow on its northeastern border.
From the 16th to the 18th century, the place was the administrative, economic and cultural center of the Pechora region between the Barents Sea and Wytschegda , the Urals and Mesen . During this period, Pustosersk played an important role in the conquest of the far north and Siberia . From here expeditions were made to the arctic islands, such as Spitzbergen and Novaya Zemlya , as well as to the mouths of the great Siberian rivers.
In 1665 an ostrog was built. In the 17th and 18th centuries, Pustosersk was used as a place of exile for unpopular people, including participants in the uprisings under Stenka Razin and Kondrati Bulavin as well as supporters of Avakum . The latter was burned at the stake on April 14, 1682.
The abandonment of the sea route to Siberia in favor of the southern land route across the Urals gradually reduced the importance of the city from the middle of the 17th century. The place became a small village, but remained inhabited until the 20th century. Finally in 1954 the last residents left it.
In 1964 a memorial was erected, in 1989 a wooden memorial in place of the burning of Avwakum. On December 4, 1974, the remains of the city were declared an archaeological monument, which now includes other areas in the area and since 1990 occupies an area of 7387 hectares. In 1991, in the nearby village of Ustye, the Pustosersk Complex History and Nature Museum ( Пустозёрский комплексный историко-природный музей ) was founded.
Web links
- Pustosersk on the Nenets Autonomous Okrug website (in Russian)
- Private website on the Pustosersk Complex Historical and Natural Museum (Russian)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Пустозерск и буква "Ё". In: pustozersk-nao.ru. Retrieved April 15, 2016 .