Pyramid Günsel
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Pyramiden Günsel ( Ajuga pyramidalis ) |
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The Ajuga pyramidalis ( Ajuga pyramidalis ) is a plant from the genus Ajuga ( Ajuga pyramidalis ) within the family of Labiatae (Lamiaceae).
description
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Vegetative characteristics
The pyramidal, perennial, herbaceous plant usually reaches heights of about 5 to 20 (up to 35) centimeters. In contrast to the Creeping Gunsel, it does not form any offshoots . The stiff upright stem is square and hairy short. The simple leaves have a slightly wavy edge. There is a dense, basal leaf rosette, the leaves of which are significantly larger than the stem leaves.
Generative characteristics
Most of the stem leaves have flowers, so they are bracts. The inflorescence is strictly square, pyramidal at the top. The slowly shrinking, entire or weakly notched bracts are intensely red-violet and are twice as long as the flowers.
The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic with a double flower envelope . The 10 to 18 mm long corolla is lavender to violet with a short lower lip, which has sap marks .
The flowering period extends from June to August.
The chromosome number is 2n = 32.
ecology
Pollinators are bumblebees and butterflies . The bracts in the inflorescence form effective protective roofs for the flowers against rain, their red-violet color increases the signaling effect of the flowers. The shaggy hair on the calyx protects the flower against small, crawling insects. The nectar is also secured by a stiff, upward hair ring.
The fruits with fleshy, oily appendages ( elaiosomes ) are carried away by ants , which is why they appear unevenly in different societies.
Occurrence
They are found mainly in the central and southern Alps , but also in the mountains of southern and northern Europe and the Caucasus . The Pyramiden Günsel is a type of the silicate mountain grassland; he is a species of character of the order Nardetalia. In the Alps it occurs up to an altitude of 2700 m. In the Allgäu Alps, it rises in the Tyrolean part on the east ridge of the Rothornspitze to an altitude of 2230 meters.
Systematics
One can distinguish between two subspecies:
- Ajuga pyramidalis subsp. meonantha (Hoffmanns. & Link) Fern.Casas : It occurs from northern Portugal and northern Spain to southwestern France.
- Ajuga pyramidalis L. subsp. pyramidalis .
Medicinal plant
The Pyramiden Günsel is an old medicinal plant that is used as a wound remedy and for metabolic disorders.
Common names
The name Steingünsel is also used for the Pyramiden-Günsel .
literature
- Xaver Finkenzeller: Alpenblumen , Munich 2003, ISBN 3-576-11482-3
- Manfred A. Fischer , Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol. 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2005, ISBN 3-85474-140-5 .
- Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8 edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 794.
Individual evidence
- ^ Ajuga pyramidalis at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , p. 388.
- ↑ a b Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Ajuga pyramidalis. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved December 11, 2019.
- ^ Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants , published by Philipp Cohen Hannover 1882, page 14
Web links
- Ajuga pyramidalis L., Pyramiden-Günsel. In: FloraWeb.de.
- Pyramid Günsel . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
- Ajuga pyramidalis L. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora . Retrieved February 13, 2016.
- Distribution in the northern hemisphere.
- Thomas Meyer: Günsel data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia ).
