Pyrausta sanguinalis

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Pyrausta sanguinalis
Pyrausta sanguinalis

Pyrausta sanguinalis

Systematics
Class : Insects (Insecta)
Order : Butterflies (Lepidoptera)
Family : Crambidae
Subfamily : Pyraustinae
Genre : Pyrausta
Type : Pyrausta sanguinalis
Scientific name
Pyrausta sanguinalis
( Linnaeus , 1767)

Pyrausta sanguinalis is a butterfly from the family of Crambidae .

features

The moths reach a wingspan of about 18 to 20 millimeters (or a forewing length of 8 to 9 millimeters.) The forewings are colored yellow in the basic color. The forewings have two purple-red or pink-red to slightly violet-red transverse bands, which can be addressed as a median transverse line and a submarginal line (wavy line) as well as an equally colored costal edge. The narrow color area of ​​the costal border only extends to the median cross band. The cross ties vary in width, while the submargin line can take up practically the entire hem area. The median transverse line forks in front of the costal margin. The fork and the red front edge enclose a light spot. However, the outer branch of the fork may be incomplete and the yellow spot is related to the outer yellow field. The fringes are light, gray, or dark gray.

The caterpillar is greenish gray, occasionally also reddish in color and has whitish longitudinal lines. The head is brightly colored.

Geographical distribution and habitat

The species is widespread in Europe, but always very local and therefore mostly rare to very rare. In the north the area extends to southern Sweden and southern Norway and Finland , in the west the species is restricted to the coastal regions of western Ireland , Northern Ireland , North Wales and the Isle of Man . In the east it stretches over Siberia to Mongolia , the Russian Far East and Japan. In the south, the distribution area extends from the Iberian Peninsula, North Africa , Asia Minor , the Caucasus to northern India .

The species prefers dry, warm, grassy slopes, bushy slopes and steppes. In Northern Ireland, Ireland, North Wales and the Isle of Man, the species is restricted to chalky subsoil. It occurs there in sand dune systems with flora that is rich in species but sparse vegetation.

Way of life

Pyrausta sanguinalis forms two generations a year in Central Europe. The diurnal and nocturnal moths fly in May / June and July / August. You also come across artificial light sources at night . In the north of the range (Northern Ireland) only one generation is trained per year. The caterpillars live in a tube-like web on the ground or between the flowers of the following food plants:

The second generation caterpillars overwinter and pupate in an earth cocoon in spring.

Systematics and taxonomy

The taxon was first scientifically described by Carl von Linné in 1767 as Phalaena Pyralis sanguinalis . The type came from "Lusitania" (= Portugal) and is kept in the collection of the Linnean Society in London.

Danger

The current endangerment status of Pyrausta sanguinalis is recorded in only two German federal states. In Baden it is in category 1 (= threatened with extinction) and in Bavaria in category 3 (endangered).

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ UK moths - website of Ian Kimber
  2. ↑ a b c d e Hannemann (1964: p. 360,362)
  3. ↑ Hasenfuss (1960: p. 207)
  4. ↑ Naturhistoriska riksmuseet - Pyrausta sanguinalis
  5. ↑ Norsk Rødliste 2006  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www2.artsdatabanken.no  
  6. ↑ HANTSMOTHS - The Moths of Hampshire and Isle of Wight
  7. ↑ a b c d Allen and Mellon Environmental Ltd .: A Survey of the Scarce Crimson and Gold (Pyrausta sanguinalis) in Northern Ireland. 2005 PDF ( Memento of the original from August 29, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 2005 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.nmni.com
  8. ↑ Granada natural
  9. ↑ Ayuna A. Shodotova: Pyralid Moths (Lepidoptera, Pyraloidea) of Buryatia: Family Pyraustidae. Entomological Review, 88 (5): 543-557, 2008 doi : 10.1134 / S0013873808050035
  10. ↑ Slamka (1997: 22)
  11. ^ Carl von Linné: Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. 12th edition, Stockholm 1767 Online at SUB Göttingen (description of the type p. 882/3)
  12. ↑ Red lists at Science4you

literature

  • Hans-Joachim Hannemann: Small butterflies or Microlepidoptera II. The moths (sl) (Cochylidae and Carposinidae) The moths (Pyraloidea). In: Friedrich Dahl: The animal world of Germany and the adjacent parts of the sea according to their characteristics and their way of life. Part 50, VEB Gustav Fischer Verlag Jena 1964
  • Ivar Hasenfuss: The Larval systematics of the bulls (Pyralidae). 263 pp., Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1960.
  • František Slamka: The common moth (Pyraloidea) of Central Europe: determination - distribution - flight area - way of life of the caterpillars . 2nd partially revised edition, Bratislava 1997, ISBN 80-967540-2-5

Web links

Commons : Pyrausta sanguinalis  - album with pictures, videos and audio files