Reed nettle

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Reed nettle
The reed nettle Urtica kioviensis Rogow. occurs in Germany in the Havel area. The differences to the great nettle Urtica dioica L are clearly visible: shiny leaves due to the lack of bristle hairs, stately structure, long-stalked leaves, no branches.

The reed nettle Urtica kioviensis Rogow. occurs in Germany in the Havel area . The differences to the big nettle Urtica dioica L are easy to recognize : shiny leaves due to the lack of bristle hairs, stately structure, long-stalked leaves, no branches.

Systematics
Eurosiden I
Order : Rose-like (rosales)
Family : Nettle family (Urticaceae)
Tribe : Urticeae
Genre : Nettles ( urtica )
Type : Reed nettle
Scientific name
Urtica kioviensis
Rogow.

The reed nettle ( Urtica kioviensis ) is a species of nettle ( Urtica ) in the family of the nettle family (Urticaceae). Other common German names are Ukrainian nettle , swamp nettle , Russian nettle , Kiev nettle and river nettle .

description

Vegetative characteristics

The reed nettle is a deciduous, perennial herbaceous plant that rarely reaches heights of 30, mostly 60 to 200 centimeters. In addition to the few stinging hairs that are more dense on the upper parts of the plant, there are scattered bristle hairs. The ascending stem at the bottom forms abundant roots at the lower nodes. It has a diameter of 5 to 8 millimeters and is hardly angular. The lower internodes are hollow.

The opposite leaves are divided into petioles and simple leaf blades. The petiole is at least half as long as the leaf blade . The leaf blade, which is over 5 cm long, is elongated with a pointed upper end and a heart-shaped base. The leaf margin is roughly serrated. The light green upper side of the leaf is very shiny. The underside of the leaf has striking yellowish-white leaf veins . The stipules are broadly ovate and up to 15 millimeters wide at the base. The stipules of the upper leaves are fused in pairs up to the middle.

Generative characteristics

The reed nettle is single sexed ( monoecious ). The upper panicles are female, the lower male. The male inflorescences are usually shorter than the peduncle and the female longer. The perigone of the female flowers is divided to 2/3, their tips are widest in the middle. The fruit is narrowly elliptical with a length of 1.6 to 2 mm. The flowering period extends from July to August.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 26.

Way of life and reproduction

It is a deciduous, rosette-free hemicryptophyte that forms a rhizome . The pollination takes place by the wind. The seed spreads via shock and Velcro spreading.

Occurrence and endangerment

The reed nettle is a floral element of submeridional to southern temperate continental Europe. Occurrences are known from the following floristic territories: Germany, Denmark, Austria, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Croatia, Romania, Bulgaria, Belarus, Ukraine, European Central, Eastern and Southern Russia as well as Israel. The easternmost site is on the Ural River . In the case of occurrence in the Israeli Hula Plain, introduction by migratory birds is suspected.

The German occurrences were not known until 1936 through a work by the Hungarian botanist Bálint Zólyomi (1908–1997). The reed nettle is rarely found in northeast Saxony-Anhalt on the Havel, in central and west Brandenburg in the Havel area, on the Müggelsee and near Baruth, as well as in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania in Teterow and in Rottenroster Holz. It is considered to be “not endangered” nationwide, but is considered “potentially endangered” in the Red Lists for Saxony-Anhalt and Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania at the state level. In an excavation site near Friesack in the Havelland, it was detected on the basis of its fruits from Mesolithic layers and its status as a long-established species was confirmed.

In Austria, the reed nettle is restricted to the March and Thaya floodplains in Lower Austria and is classified as "endangered".

The reed nettle grows in heat-favored river valleys and lowlands in perennial corridors, reed beds, floodplain meadows and floodplain bushes. It occurs in societies of the associations Phragmition and Alno-Ulmion.

Taxonomy

The first description of Urtica kioviensis was made in 1843 by Afanasy Semenovich Rogowitsch . Hugh Algernon Weddell assigned them to Urtica dioica in 1856 as the variety Urtica dioica var. Kioviensis (Rogow.) Wedd. under. Urtica kioviensis was retained as an independent species by Gustav Hegi . Other synonyms are Urtica radicans Bolla , Urtica bollae Kanitz and Urtica hulensis Feinbrun .

use

The reed nettle is suitable for the extraction of high quality nettle fibers. Like the nettle, it can be used for food purposes. Soups, casseroles, salads, etc. can be made in this way. Recently there are root extracts that are supposed to counteract the enlargement of the prostate . The reed nettle could possibly serve as a fodder plant for various animals in the future.

supporting documents

literature

  • Eckehart J. Jäger, Klaus Werner (Ed.): Excursion flora from Germany . Founded by Werner Rothmaler. 10th edited edition. tape 4 : Vascular Plants: Critical Volume . Elsevier, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Munich / Heidelberg 2005, ISBN 3-8274-1496-2 , p. 188 .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. Province of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 , p. 555 .
  2. ↑ Entry by the NABU regional association Templin  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed February 15, 2013.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.nabu-templin.de  
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h i reed nettle. In: FloraWeb.de. , accessed February 15, 2013.
  4. ↑ a b c d e f g Eckehart J. Jäger, Klaus Werner (Ed.): Exkursionsflora von Deutschland . Founded by Werner Rothmaler. 10th edited edition. tape 4 : Vascular Plants: Critical Volume . Elsevier, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Munich / Heidelberg 2005, ISBN 3-8274-1496-2 , p. 188 .
  5. ↑ a b Pertti Uotila: Urticaceae. Urtica kioviensis In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Berlin 2011, accessed on February 16, 2013.
  6. ↑ a b c Steffen Wolters, Felix Bittmann, Volker Kummer: The first subfossil records of Urtica kioviensis Rogow. and their consequences for palaeoecological interpretations. In: Vegetation History and Archaeobotany. Volume 14, No. 4, 2005, pp. 518-527, DOI: 10.1007 / s00334-005-0084-9 .
  7. ↑ Michael Zohary, Naomi Feinbrun (founder), A. Danin, D. Heller, O. Fragman-Sapir, M. Kislev, H. Vered-Leschner, U. Plitmann (eds.): Flora Palaestina. Part 1. Ferns, Gymnosperms, Angiosperms: Salicaceae - Caryophyllaceae. 2nd Edition. Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Jerusalem 2012, Internet publication, Urtica kioviensis online at Tropicos , accessed February 16, 2013.
  8. ^ Bálint Zólyomi: Urtica kioviensis Rogowitsch new for the German flora. In: Negotiations of the Botanical Association of the Province of Brandenburg. Volume 76, 1936, pp. 152-156.
  9. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  321 .
  10. ^ Afanassi Semjonowitsch Rogowitsch: Urtica kioviensis, species nova plantarum. In: Bulletin de la Société impériale des naturalistes de Moscou. Volume 16, No. 2, 1843, pp. 324–326, preview in Google book search
  11. ^ Hugh Algernon Weddell: Monograph de la famille des Urticées. In: Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris. Volume 9, No. 1–2, 1856, pp. 1–592 (here: p. 78), digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fopenurl%3Fpid%3Dtitle%3A35667%26volume%3D9%26issue%3D1-2%26spage%3D78%26date%3D1856~GB% 3D ~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D
  12. ↑ Gustav Hegi: Illustrated flora of Central Europe. With special consideration of Germany, Austria and Switzerland. Volume III. Dicotyledones. JF Lehmanns, Munich 1912, p. 141, urn : nbn: de: hbz: 061: 2-22126-p0169-0
  13. ↑ Patent DE112005001792 : Method for opening up bast fibers. Registered on July 22, 2005 , published on February 2, 2005 , applicant: FH Kaiserslautern, inventor: Klaus Sommer, Ralf Jakobi, Dietmar Sommer. ‌
  14. ↑ Steffen G. Fleischhauer: Encyclopedia of edible wild plants. 1500 plants from Central Europe. AT Verlag, Aarau 2003, ISBN 3-85502-889-3 .
  15. ↑ ( Page no longer available , search in web archives: Patent EP 19910101516. August S. Streber: Medical preparation containing stigmasta-4-en-3-one and the use thereof, filed on May 2, 1991 and published on August 6, 1994 (Applicant: Boots Pharma GmbH) )@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.surechem.org
  16. ↑ Siegfried Schlosser, Lutz Reichhoff, Peter Hanelt: Wild Plants Central Europe. Use and protection. Deutscher Landwirtschaftsverlag, Berlin 1991, ISBN 3-331-00301-8 .

Web links

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