Roman stone monuments from Intercisa

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Orpheus on the relief of a tomb from Intercisa, second half of the 2nd century
Achilles grinds Hector's dead body . Relief from a grave building from Intercisa, second half of the 2nd century
Heracles and Hera ; Relief from a grave building from Intercisa, 2nd century
Gravestone of a local family: Demiuncus and his wife Angulata, AD 117–138.

The Roman stone monuments from Intercisa come from the grave fields and the surroundings of the camp village ( vicus ) at the Intercisa fort . This Roman military camp , which was once responsible for monitoring the Limes Pannonicus , is now located in the Hungarian city ​​of Dunaújváros in Fejér County . Due to the extensive excavations in the 20th century, an extraordinarily large number of stone monuments were saved for posterity.

The for Vicus rich inscription finds , especially grave stones and altars occupy a large space in the portfolio. Inscriptions that are not mentioned here can also be found in the main article on the fort.

  • The grave stele of a local Eravisker comes from the early days of Intercisa , showing an open four-wheeled carriage with a coachman, a lady in an armchair and a servant in the upper area. During his lifetime this stele was erected by a certain Asulus, son of Blatumarus, for himself, his 30-year-old wife Deiva, the daughter of Namioriginis and their six-year-old son Blatumarus.
  • A high-quality grave inscription from the first half of the 3rd century, flanked by two winged erotes, was found secondarily used in a late Roman grave. Aurelius Isauricius Verecundus, who died at the age of 70, came from Syria and, as a former squadron leader ( Decurio ), was a veteran of the Cohors milliaria Hemesenorum, which was then stationed in Intercisa . He left his wife Aurelia Isauricia Scribonia, the sons Isauricius Verecundus and Isauricius Marcus and the daughter Aurelia Verecunda.
  • Calventius, a Beneficiarius consularis , redeemed a vow to the god of fertility, Liber Pater.
  • The same did for Liber Aurelius Monimus, a veteran, during the first half of the 3rd century.
  • Also in the first half of the 3rd century was the high -quality inscription plate for the Ex- Decurio of the Cohors milliaria Hemesenorum , Marcus Aurelius Monimus, who came from the Syrian city of Hemesa and died as a veteran at the age of 64. His wife Iulia Ticima and his son Aurelius Iulianus, a stable master with the staff of the consular governor and general, had a tomb built for him.
  • At the end of the 1st or early 3rd century, after 24 years of service at the age of 45, the Beneficiarius tribuni cohortis Aurelius Monimus, who belonged to the Cohors milliaria Hemesenorum , died. His freedman G [...] Bassus put the gravestone for him.
  • An inscription from the Jewish community in Intercisa, which is controversially discussed in the scientific community, dates from the period between 222 and 235 . The inscription is framed by a tabula ansata and dedicated to Deus Aeternus - the eternal God - and the well-being of the then reigning emperor Severus Alexander (222-235) and the imperial mother Julia Mamaea . The Dedicant , a certain Cosmius, was the head of the customs or road station (Praepositus stationis) and possibly head of the local synagogue (Synagoga Iudeorum) . As the inscription reveals, he made a vow with the stone. The inscription is a testimony to the intertwining of monotheistic faith and imperial cult.
  • Another veteran and ex-Decurion of the Cohors milliaria Hemesenorum excavated in Syria , Marcus Aurelius Primianus, had a funerary inscription made for himself and his own while they were still alive. On this his age is given as 50, that of his wife Septimia Grata as 36 and that of their daughter Aurelia Ianuaria as 20 years.
  • On his tombstone, the legionary soldier Marcus Aurelius Malcihianus of the Legio II Adiutrix in the late 2nd or 3rd century has recorded stages in his career, which was obviously not yet over at the time the inscriptions were made. Initially active as a standard bearer (Signifer cohortis) of the Cohors milliaria Hemesenorum , he later rose to the rank of paymaster (Summus curator) and finally worked as a cavalry master on the governor's staff (Strator officii consularis) . When his wife Pulchra had the tombstone placed, the deceased was at least 55 years old. The inscription is unfortunately damaged at this point.
  • The epitaph of Marcus Aurelius Monimus, a veteran of Legio II Adiutrix , who died at the age of 55, was written between 230 and 240 . His father, Sabinus, had been a veteran in Hemesa, Syria, where the family came from. The wife of Marcus Aurelius Monimus, Aurelia Alexandria, had lived 35 years and her daughter Aurelia Athenu 20 years. The son and legionary soldier Aurelius Alexander, a Librarius officii praesidis , had the tomb built for his family.
  • Marcus Ulpius Iulianus was a veteran and former centurion before he died at the age of 64.
  • Marinus Silvanus, a soldier in the Cohors milliaria Hemesenorum, was serving for 28 years when he died at the age of 52. Marcus Aurelius, a comrade, set the tombstone for him.
  • In the late 2nd or 3rd century, Aurelius Maximianus, a soldier of the Cohors milliaria Hemesenorum who had already done two years of military service, and his eleven-year-old brother Aurelius Priscus, died at the age of 16 years and 7 months . The cohort soldier Aurelius Bassus placed the gravestone for them as heir.
  • As Marcus Aurelius Bassus, the aforementioned soldier may also bury his 32-year-old wife Septimia Constantina and his one-year-old daughter Aurelia Florentina.
  • The portrait stele of Beneficiarius Aurelius Valens belongs to late antiquity . The rustic stone work shows the deceased, a cavalryman, in his late Roman military armor with a military cloak (sagum) held by a fibula, a long sleeve tunica (tunica manicata) and a belt with a ring buckle. He is armed with a sword. His brother Aurelius Monimus, who also belonged to a cavalry unit as a rider (eques) , placed the gravestone for him .
  • As an altar discovered in the southern vicus shows, the Beneficiarius consularis Lucius Antonius Honoratus redeemed a vow to Jupiter in 181.
  • A consecration altar, which dates to the first half of the 3rd century, was dedicated to the god of healing Asklepios by the signal blower Antonius . Antony most likely worked at the Cohors milliaria Hemesenorum .
  • Centurion Marcus Aurelius donated an altar to Jupiter for himself and his own in the first half of the 3rd century.
  • The cohort option Aurelius Barsamsus, belonging to the Syrian Cohors milliaria Hemesenorum , whose Latinized name cannot deny its oriental origin, consecrated an altar for the sun god Sol , who enjoyed great veneration in his homeland , in the first half of the 3rd century .
  • For Jupiter, his wife Juno and Liber Telluris, the stable master donated an altar to the staff of the consular governor or general, Aurelius Barsamsus - the same man named as Optio in the inscription above.
  • Aurelius Herculanus of the Cohors milliaria Hemesenorum consecrated a stone to Jupiter Culminaris .
  • The veterans of the Cohors milliaria Hemesenorum consecrated an altar to Diana Augusta , the goddess of hunting, and to the then reigning Emperor Alexander Severus (222–235).
  • Fuscus, Priscianus and Valerianus consecrated a consul-dated altar in the fort bath to Diana, the goddess of hunting.
  • In the 3rd century the slave Eutyches consecrated his stone to Dobras, a rider god who rides an opponent on the corresponding relief with a waving military coat.

literature

  • Jenő Fitz , András Mócsy , Sándor Soproni : The Roman Inscriptions of Hungary (RIU). Savaria, Scarbantia and the Limes route Ad Flexum - Arrabona. 1. Delivery. Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest 1972.
  • Zsolt Visy : “Beneficiarii” on inscriptions from Intercisa. The question of an Intercisa beneficiary station. In: Antiquitas , Series 1, Abhandlungen zur alten Geschichte 61, 2013, pp. 359–376.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ CIL 3, 10324 .
  2. ^ AE 1910, 146 .
  3. ↑ CIL 3, 3329 .
  4. ^ AE 1909, 135 .
  5. ^ AE 1909, 150 .
  6. ↑ AE 1912, 7 .
  7. ↑ CIL 3, 3327 .
  8. ↑ Zoltán Kádár : The Asia Minor-Syrian Cults in Roman Times in Hungary. Brill Verlag, Leiden 1962, pp. 25-26.
  9. ^ AE 1929, 49 .
  10. ↑ CIL 3, 10315 .
  11. ^ Jenő Fitz, András Mócsy, Sándor Soproni: The Roman Inscriptions of Hungary (RIU). Savaria, Scarbantia and the Limes route Ad Flexum - Arrabona. 1. Delivery. Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest 1972, No. 1195.
  12. ↑ CIL 3, 10314 .
  13. ^ Jenő Fitz, András Mócsy, Sándor Soproni: The Roman Inscriptions of Hungary (RIU). Savaria, Scarbantia and the Limes route Ad Flexum - Arrabona. 1. Delivery. Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest 1972, No. 1243.
  14. ↑ AE 1909, 149 .
  15. ^ Jenő Fitz, András Mócsy, Sándor Soproni: The Roman Inscriptions of Hungary (RIU). Savaria, Scarbantia and the Limes route Ad Flexum - Arrabona. 1. Delivery. Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest 1972, No. 1257.
  16. ^ Jenő Fitz, András Mócsy, Sándor Soproni: The Roman Inscriptions of Hungary (RIU). Savaria, Scarbantia and the Limes route Ad Flexum - Arrabona. 1. Delivery. Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest 1972, no.1205.
  17. ^ AE 2005, 1247 .
  18. ↑ CIL 3, 3326 .
  19. ^ Jenő Fitz, András Mócsy, Sándor Soproni: The Roman Inscriptions of Hungary (RIU). Savaria, Scarbantia and the Limes route Ad Flexum - Arrabona. 1. Delivery. Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest 1972, No. 1071.
  20. ↑ AE 1971, 331 .
  21. ↑ Jürgen Tubach: In the shadow of the sun god: The sun cult in Edessa, Harran and Hatra on the eve of the Christian mission. Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 1986, ISBN 3-447-02435-6 , p. 141.
  22. ^ Jenő Fitz, András Mócsy, Sándor Soproni: The Roman Inscriptions of Hungary (RIU). Savaria, Scarbantia and the Limes route Ad Flexum - Arrabona. 1. Delivery. Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest 1972, p. 58.
  23. ↑ AE 1975, 705 .
  24. ↑ CIL 3, 3328 .
  25. ↑ CIL 3, 10304 .
  26. ^ AE 1910, 143 .
  27. ^ AE 1910, 153 .