Roman estate of Eigeltingen
The Roman estate of Eigeltingen is a preserved villa rustica , a Roman estate from the 1st century, which existed until at least the 3rd century.
location
The open-air facility in the eastern part of the Hegau comprises three buildings on an area of around one hectare . It is located at an altitude of 550 m above sea level. NHN in Won "Erbentsäcker" one and a half kilometers northeast of the community Eigeltingen in Baden-Württemberg district of Konstanz in Germany .
Excavations
As early as 1859, while working on a dirt road, the Silvanus Altar (see below ) was discovered, which was stuck upside down in the ground at a depth of 60 cm. Stone foundations had already been found in this area, which suggested that there was an ancient manor there. Nevertheless, the facility served as a quarry repeatedly until 1928. In 1940, lines appeared in the dry grass east of the main house. They indicated walls of other buildings. In 1987, aerial photographs taken by the Baden-Württemberg State Monuments Office enabled two large outbuildings to be precisely located.
In 1988 the first scientific test excavations were carried out. They showed that the walls of the main house in the rubble hills are sometimes up to five meters high, but that only a few layers of stone are left of the auxiliary buildings. In 2001/2002, the walls of a farm building were completely archaeologically examined under the leadership of the district archaeologist and the Baden-Württemberg State Monuments Office with the help of interested laypeople.
The attachment
Up to 40 people lived in such an estate, often military veterans or colonists, who farmed and raised cattle on an area of around 100 hectares. With their surpluses, they secured supplies for the population in the cities and the military.
Main house
The south-facing, almost 1,500 square meter (at least 46 × 32 m) stone building had a front with an entrance hall supported by columns and two protruding corner towers. In these multi-storey corner towers and the side wings, which were grouped around an open inner courtyard, were the living rooms and the bathrooms, some of which had underfloor heating ( hypocaust ).
A foundation wall 90 centimeters high and 1.2 meters wide was set on a 40 centimeter thick foundation made of rubble and rubble, which supported the somewhat narrower ascending wall.
Today the building is protected from damage by vegetation and other environmental influences with a humus layer and is preserved for future generations. Despite the damage, it is one of the best preserved Roman ruins in Baden-Württemberg.
Outbuilding east
The walls of the 324 square meter (19.5 × 16.6 m) large and 13 to 15 meter high auxiliary building were partially restored after the excavation. It was probably a barn that could be driven into with a fully loaded cart and the harvest could be unloaded directly into the storage facility.
The 80 centimeter wide ascending masonry rests on a slightly wider and around one meter deep foundation. It is built using the two-shell technique: stone fragments mixed with mortar were placed between the hewn outer and inner stones.
In addition to 34 foundation pits of wooden posts, a bronze coin from 170/171 was also discovered in this building : Dupondius , minted in Rome , shows Emperor Marc Aurel , who was Roman Emperor from 161 to 180 .
Outbuilding north
The auxiliary building to the northeast of the main building has not yet been excavated and its function is therefore not known.
Consecration stone
In 1859 found 71 cm high and 31 cm wide votive stone of sandstone is Silvanus ordained, the Roman god of shepherds and forests. A person whose name is only incompletely preserved (Cle [...]) had vowed to erect an altar if Silvanus would help him in a (not further named) situation, and this vow actually redeemed later.
The second half of the fourth line and the entire fifth line were chiseled out later, as is otherwise known from the Damnatio memoriae (for which there is no reason for a private consecration stone). Presumably, someone else wanted to chisel out the name of the original donor and rededicate the altar to the deity under his own name. However, for unknown reasons, she was prevented from doing so, because the first three letters of the original name have remained and there are no traces of a second inscription. The reconstruction of the original name is not clearly possible on the basis of the preserved part. The chiseled space is too big for a typical name beginning with “Cle ...” such as “Cle [mens]” or “Cle [mentius]”. There was either a longer name like "Cle [mentianus]" or a two-part name. If one understands the "ex" in the sixth line not as part of the closing formula but as a name, one could think of "Cle [mentius Vind] ex", for example; the consecration formula at the end would not change its content.
Received text
IN • H • D • D
DEO • SIL
VANO
CLE___
_______
EX • V • S • L
L • MAddition of the text
IN • H (ONOREM) • D (OMUS) • D (IVINAE)
DEO • SIL
VANO
CLE___
______
EX • V (OTO) • S (OLVIT) • L (IBENS)
L (AETUS) • M (ERITO)Translation
In honor of the divine imperial family.
The God Sil
Vanus
has Cle (mentius?)
...
redeemed his vow glad
joyful and after charge
Monument protection
The ground monument "Römischer Gutshof von Eigeltingen" is protected as a registered cultural monument within the meaning of Section 2 of the Monument Protection Act of the State of Baden-Württemberg (DSchG) . Investigations and targeted collection of finds are subject to approval, and accidental finds are reported to the monument authorities.
Support association
The Förderverein Römischer Gutshof Eigeltingen e. V. has set itself the goal of conserving the remains of the wall of an outbuilding uncovered during archaeological investigations, protecting the main building, which is still in good condition, and making the entire monument accessible didactically with information boards for residents and guests of the region.
See also
- Roman estate of Homberg , about one kilometer northeast
- List of Villae rusticae
literature
- Jörg Aufdermauer, Hans Stather: A Roman villa rustica near Eigeltingen, Constance district . In: Archaeological excavations in Baden-Württemberg . Year 1988 (1989), pp. 191–193.
- Jürgen Hald, Gerd Stegmaier, Alexandra Zimmer: New investigations in the Roman estate of Eigeltingen, Constance district . In: Archaeological excavations in Baden-Württemberg 2001 . Konrad Theiss, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-8062-1659-2 , pp. 130-133.
- Jürgen Hald and Wolfgang Kramer on behalf of the Hegau History Association (ed.): Archaeological treasures in the Konstanz district . Michael Greuter, Hilzingen 2011, ISBN 978-3-938566-15-2 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Top25 Viewer - [Top. Map 1: 25000 Baden-Württemberg (South)]
- ^ A b Ernst Wagner (Ed.): Sites and finds from prehistoric, Roman and Alemannic-Franconian times in the Grand Duchy of Baden. Volume 1: The Badische Oberland: districts of Constance, Villingen, Waldshut, Lörrach, Freiburg, Offenburg. JCB Mohr (Paul Siebeck), Tübingen 1908, pp. 54 f., No. 89 ( online ).
- ↑ Information board " The outbuilding " in the open-air area
- ↑ Information board " The Villa rustica von Eigeltingen " in the outdoor area
- ↑ CIL 3, 11892 . See also the entry on the inscription in the Heidelberg Epigraphic Database .
- ↑ Friedrich Vollmer : . Inscriptiones Baivariae Romanae sive inscriptiones prov Raetiae; adiectis, aliquot, Noricis, Italicisque. G. Franz, Mainz 1915, p. 58, no.181.
- ↑ Albert Bittlingmaier: Old walls tell stories. August 22, 2008. Retrieved July 19, 2013 .
- ↑ "Verein" on www.eigeltingia.de; accessed on September 10, 2017
Coordinates: 47 ° 52 ′ 8 " N , 8 ° 54 ′ 46.4" E