Reddening earth knight
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Reddening Earth Knight in Molise, Italy |
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| Tricholoma orirubens | ||||||||||||
| Quél. |
The reddening earth knight ( Tricholoma orirubens ) is a type of mushroom from the family of knight relatives . The edible agaric mushroom comes from Europe. The gray-capped fruiting bodies appear individually or in small groups in autumn in coniferous and deciduous forests.
features
Macroscopic features
The fruit bodies initially have conical, slightly hunched hats , which then open and spread out and finally have either a hump or a central hollow. The diameter reaches 4 to 8, rarely up to 10 centimeters. The edge is flat or wavy. The dark gray or gray-brown surface of the hat is covered with darker, blackish scales and lighter on the edge. The thick, gray lamellae are grown or bulged and stand away and redden when injured. The spore powder is white. The white or pale gray, ringless stalk becomes 4–6 (–8) cm high and 5–25 mm thick and has a characteristic blue colored base. The whitish flesh smells and tastes like flour and turns reddish in color when left in the air for a long time.
Microscopic features
The inamyloid spores are 5-6.5 x 4.5-5 µm in size.
Species delimitation
Mixing it up with the tiger knight ( Tricholoma pardinum ), whose flesh does not turn red, would be potentially life-threatening . There are other knights with brown or black-gray fruiting bodies for confusion, including other poisonous ones like the hot knight ( Tricholoma virgatum ) and the sharp knight ( Tricholoma sciodes ). The edible common earth knight is also very similar to it, but has no reddening lamellae.
Distribution and ecology
The reddening earth knight is widespread in Europe, but not common. It is rare in the Netherlands. It can be found individually or in small groups in coniferous or deciduous forests from September to November and prefers loamy or calcareous soils. It is an ectomycorrhizal fungus that likes to live with European beech ( Fagus sylvatica ).
The reddening earth knight can also form witch rings . One discovered in Germany was 80 meters in diameter and consisted of an estimated 10,000 mushrooms.
meaning
With its strong floury smell and taste, the reddening earth knight is one of the more appetizing members of the genus. It can also taste sweet.
Systematics and taxonomy
The reddening earth knight was officially described scientifically for the first time in the work "Les Champignons du Jura et des Vosges" published in 1873 by the French mycologist Lucien Quélet . The generic name is derived from the Greek " trichos / τριχος" ("hair") and " loma / λωμα" ("hem", "edge" or "border"). It is located in the section terrea within the subgenus Tricholoma within the genus of knights ( Tricholoma ).
swell
- ^ A b c Machiel E. Noordeloos, Thomas W. Kuyper, Else C. Vellinga: Critical Monographs on Families of Agaric and Boleti Occurring in the Netherlands . In: Flora Agaricina Neerlandica . tape 4 . Taylor & Francis, 1999, ISBN 90-5410-493-7 , pp. 133 .
- ↑ Hans E. Laux: The great cosmos mushroom guide. All edible mushrooms with their poisonous doppelgangers . Kosmos, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-440-08457-4 , pp. 158 .
- ↑ Hans E. Laux: Edible mushrooms and their poisonous doppelgangers . Collect mushrooms - the right way. Kosmos Verlags-GmbH, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 978-3-440-10240-4 , p. 65 .
- ↑ Ewald Gerhardt: FSVO manual mushrooms . 4th edition. BLV, Munich 2006, ISBN 3-8354-0053-3 , p. 100 .
- ^ A b Hans Haas: The Young Specialist looks at Fungi . Burke, 1969, ISBN 0-222-79409-7 , pp. 142 .
- ^ Sven Nilsson, Ole Persson: Gill-Fungi . In: Fungi of Northern Europe . tape 2 . Penguin, 1977, ISBN 0-14-063006-6 , pp. 24 .
