Lilastiel red chalk knight
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Lilastiel red chalk knight ( Lepista saeva ) |
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| Lepista saeva | ||||||||||||
| ( Frieze ) PD Orton |
The Lilastiel- or Masked Rötelritterling ( Lepista saeva , syn. Lepista personata ; Clitocybe saeva ) is a species of fungus of the family of Ritterlingsartige relatives (Tricholomataceae). The fungus usually grows in grassy locations and is widespread across Europe. Outwardly it resembles the violet red chalk knight ( Lepista nuda ), but has no colored hat. The Lilastiel red chalk knight was named Mushroom of the Year 2016 by the German Society for Mycology .
features
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Macroscopic features
The hat is 5–15 cm wide, at first hemispherical or arched and, with advancing age, spread out almost flat. It is pale gray, ocher gray, pale brown and old gray-brown in color. The hat has a smooth, matte, damp, shiny surface that feels greasy and is often a little hygrophan. The brim of the hat is initially curled or curved and later, when the fungus has spread, more or less sharp.
On the underside of the hat there are the tightly standing, cream-colored to light brown or light-gray lamellae , which are either bulged or free-standing on the stem. Sometimes they have a pink or purple tinge. The lamellar edges are smooth or slightly wavy and the spore powder is pale pink.
The stem is usually bright lavender or purple in color, but older specimens can fade. The stem surface is conspicuously fissured and fibrous. The 6–7 cm high and 2.5–3 cm thick, unringed stem is cylindrical and sometimes has a more or less bulbous or conical base.
The white to pale flesh is thick, firm, and fragile when cut. It has a weak smell and a mild, nutty taste.
Microscopic features
Under a light microscope, the spores appear hyaline to pink, ellipsoidal in shape and with fine warts. The spore dimensions are 6 to 8 by 4 to 5 microns.
Species delimitation
The typical doppelganger of the Lilastiel red chalk knight is the violet red chalk knight ( L. nuda ). This is mostly bright purple in color in all parts and has a noticeable spicy smell, while the Lilastiel red chalk knight has a weak smell and tastes neutral. In addition, the two red chalk knights differ in their location.
Distribution and ecology
The Lilastiel red chalk knight inhabits open grassy areas and pastures, but can also be found in parks, on clearings and at the edges of the forest. It also differs from the violet red chalk knight (Lepista nuda), which is usually only found in forests. The Lilastiel red chalk knight has sociable fruit and often grows in rows or forms distinctive witch rings . The fungus fructifies from summer to early winter. The main time of appearance is only in late autumn, from October to December, although overgrown fruit bodies can also be found beyond the turn of the year.
The species is widespread in Europe, but not common. The main area of distribution is in Germany. Therefore, the Lilastiel red chalk knight is counted among the types of responsibility for large mushrooms in Germany by the German Society for Mycology (DGfM) . There is also evidence from North America where the species was supposedly found in California .
Systematics and taxonomy
The species was originally described as Agaricus personatus by Elias Magnus Fries in 1818 . Mordecai Cubitt Cooke placed it in the genus Lepista in 1871 , giving it its name, which is still in use today - Lepista personata . Other names followed, namely in 1960 Lepista saeva by PD Orton and in 1969 Clitocybe saeva by HE Bigelow & AH Smith, the latter of which assigns the fungus to the larger genus of the funnel-shaped mushrooms ( Clitocybe ). The species epithet " sævus " is an adjective in Latin that means "grim", "terrible", "angry", "wild" or "violent". Likewise, “ personatus ” is a participle that means “masked” or “disguised”.
meaning
Lilastiel red chalk knights are commonly seen as edible, but are also known to cause allergies in sensitive people. The raw enjoyment is not recommended because of the risk of hemolysis, although allergic reactions to cooked purple stalk or red chalk knight are also known.
Lilastiel red chalk knights are often attacked by fly larvae and cannot be stored well; therefore, they should be used soon after collecting. They are also very porous, so it is best to collect them on a dry day.
According to most mycologists, Lilastiel red chalk knights, despite their coloring, are considered excellent mushrooms. They can be eaten as mushroom vegetables, cream sauce or sautéed in butter . They can also be prepared like tripe or as an omelette filling.
Web links
- Lepista personata in the Fungorum index
- "Mushroom-Collecting.com - The Blewit"
- All that Rain Promises and More - Blewit
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d C. Bas: Flora Agaricina Neerlandica: Critical Monographs on Families of Agarics and Boleti Occurring in the Netherlands Vol. 3 . CRC Press, 1995, ISBN 90-5410-616-6 , pp. 74 ( google.com [accessed November 13, 2009]).
- ↑ a b c L. Yordanov, S. Vanev, V. Fakirova: The Fungi in Bulgaria ( Гъбите в България) . Bulgarian Academy of Sciences , Sofia 1978, p. 182 .
- ↑ a b Ewald Gerhart (Ed.): Mushrooms Volume 1: Lamellar mushrooms, deafblings, milklings and other groups with lamellas . Spectrum of nature FSVO. tape 1 . BLV Verlagsgesellschaft, Munich / Vienna / Zurich 1984, ISBN 3-405-12927-3 , p. 69 .
- ↑ Hans E. Laux (Ed.): The Cosmos PilzAtlas . Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-440-10622-5 , p. 60 .
- ^ Matthias Lüderitz, Andreas Gminder: Types of responsibility for large mushrooms in Germany . In: German Society for Mykology (Hrsg.): Supplement to the journal for mycology . tape 13 , 2014 ( dgfm-ev.de ).
- ↑ David Arora (1986). Mushrooms Demystified . Berkeley, CA: Ten Speed Press. ISBN 0-89815-169-4
- ^ Lepista personata taxon record details at Index Fungorum. CAB International, accessed December 13, 2016 .
- ↑ A. Jamieson, R. Ainsworth, T. Morell: Latin dictionary: Morell's abridgment . Moon, Boys & Graves, London 1828, pp. 400, 476 ( google.com [accessed October 31, 2009]).
- ^ A b Richard Mabey: Food for Free . HarperCollins, 2004, ISBN 0-00-718303-8 .
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