Branched cup coral

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Branched cup coral
2009-07-04 Artomyces pyxidatus 49419 crop.jpg

Branched cup coral ( Artomyces pyxidatus )

Systematics
Class : Agaricomycetes
Subclass : insecure position (incertae sedis)
Order : Russulales (Russulales)
Family : Ear spoon relatives (Auriscalpiaceae)
Genre : Cup corals ( Artomyces )
Type : Branched cup coral
Scientific name
Artomyces pyxidatus
( Pers  .: Fr. ) Jülich

The branched beaker coral or short beaker coral ( Artomyces pyxidatus , syn.  Clavicorona pyxidata ) is a species of fungus from the family of the ear spoonfuls relatives (Auriscalpiaceae). The coral-like fruiting bodies , the branches of which branch out like whorls, are typical . The upper branches are deepened like a cup, which gave the mushroom its German name. Because the branches resemble candelabra , the mushroom is also called candelabra coral. In the English-speaking world, the branched cup coral is called not only “Candelabre Coral” but also “Crown Coral” or “Crown-tipped Coral Fungus”, in German “Kronenkoralle” or “Kronenbestückter Korallenpilz”. The names refer to the young branches at the branch ends, which are reminiscent of small crowns. The non-leaf mushroom colonizes rotten dead wood from trunks and stumps of various deciduous and coniferous trees. In recent years there have been an increasing number of finds of the thermophilic species on pine wood in the lowlands of northern Germany. The food value is assessed differently and ranges from “inedible / no edible mushroom” to “edible when fresh”.

The branched cup coral was named Mushroom of the Year 2015 by the German Society for Mycology in order to draw attention to the loss of natural habitats and the biological impoverishment of forests, which is threatened by the increasing use of dead wood for heating.

features

The tips of the cup coral are reminiscent of small crowns due to the whorl-like branching branches.

Macroscopic features

The 4–12 cm large fruiting bodies of the cup coral habitually resemble the corals from the genus Ramaria , but branch out pyxidate like some cup lichens, for example Cladonia pyxidata . With this type of branching, the branches widen to form a flattened to cup-shaped recessed summit, at the edge of which about 4–6 younger, thinner branches grow whorled. This can be repeated several times in large specimens - the uppermost branch ends are again cup-shaped and resemble small crowns due to the short branch tips all around. The closely standing, almost vertical branches are glued together like a stump at the base. They have a pale flesh-colored or whitish-yellowish to ocher-yellowish color and often brownish tips with age. The elastic, somewhat tough meat ( trama ) is white to yellowish in color and browns when rubbed. It smells strongly spicy and tastes either mild or slightly bitter, after prolonged chewing ± peppery hot. The spore powder leaves a white imprint and changes color when an iodine reagent ( amyloid ) is added.

Microscopic features

The fungal threads ( hyphae ) measure up to 16  µm in diameter and have buckles on the partition walls ( septa ) . The gloeopleren hyphae are 3–8 µm thick and end in the fruit layer ( hymenium ) or protrude up to 15 µm. In addition, 3–5 µm wide, thin-walled sterile elements ( leptocystides ) occur. The spur stands ( basidia ) have basal buckles and measure 20–30 × 4–4.5 (-5) µm. Elliptical, fine-black spores with dimensions of 4–5 (–5.5) × 2–2.6 (–3) µm mature on this.

Species delimitation

The stiff coral ( Ramaria stricta ) also grows on wood and has upright branches, but has different branches, white root-like mycelial strands and does not develop a sharp taste when chewed. Other similar looking coral ( Ramaria ) species are bottom dwellers.

Ecology and phenology

The branched cup coral decomposes the rotten dead wood of a lying trunk and forms several fruiting bodies on the substrate.

The branched cup coral decomposes dead hardwood and coniferous wood and has a wide range of substrates . In Central Europe, it mainly inhabits rotten tree stumps as well as lying trunks of red beech , pine , poplar (especially trembling poplar ), willow and silver fir - in northern Europe birch, poplar and willow are preferred. The fungus also grows on oak , alder , common ash , hornbeam , elder , sweet chestnut and linden .

The fruiting bodies appear in Central Europe mainly from July to September.

distribution

The branched cup coral is common in all temperate zones of the northern hemisphere. In addition to Europe, it can be found in Asia and North America. In Germany, the warmth-loving species has been able to spread over the past ten to fifteen years, mainly to pine wood in the northern lowlands. The development is said to be due to climate change. Most of the finds come from heat-favored places in river valleys.

Danger

In Germany, the branched cup coral is currently not a species of mushroom threatened with extinction. However, this could change if there is hardly any food available for wood-dwelling organisms in the forests in the future. In the Red List of Endangered Large Mushrooms in Bavaria, the species was placed in category 1 “Threatened with extinction” because, at the time of going to press, no new finds had been made since it was mentioned in the earlier edition of 1990. Since then, the cup coral has been found once in Lower Franconia and once in Lower Bavaria.

meaning

The information on the food value in the literature varies. Michael, Hennig and Kreisel classify the branched cup coral in their manual for mushroom lovers as “inedible”. Gerhardt declares the mushroom once as "inedible / food value unknown", but another time as "edible". The species is neither in the "positive list of edible mushrooms" (July 21, 2014) nor in the list of "mushrooms with inconsistent food value" (status: July 21, 2014) or the "list of poisonous mushrooms - according to syndromes" (status: April 21, 2014), which were drawn up by the “Mushroom Utilization and Toxicology” advisory board of the German Society for Mycology. McKnight & McKnight identify the species as "edible" in their North American mushroom guide, as do Ostry, Anderson and O'Brien in their field guide on common large mushrooms in the forests of the Midwest and Northeastern North America: "edible if fresh". Zheng et al. Published an article in the journal “Helvetica Chimica Acta” with the title “New Sesquiterpenes from Edible Fungus Clavicorona pyxidata” and therefore assume that the fungus is edible.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Hermann T. Jahn : Mushrooms that grow on wood . Busse, Herford 1979, ISBN 3-87120-853-1 , p.  76 .
  2. ↑ Liz Holden: English Names for fungi 2014. British Mycological Society, accessed January 1, 2015 .
  3. ↑ "crown coral" German-English translation. In: dict.cc German-English dictionary. Retrieved January 1, 2015 .
  4. ↑ a b c German Society for Mycology (ed.): Mushroom of the year 2015: Becherkoralle. Artomyces pyxidatus (Pers.: Fr.) Jülich (1982) . ( dgfm-ev.de [PDF; 648  kB ] poster).
  5. ↑ a b c Ewald Gerhardt: FSVO manual mushrooms . 3. Edition. BLV, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-405-14737-9 , p. 389 (one-volume new edition of the BLV intensive guide mushrooms 1 and 2).
  6. ↑ a b c Walter Jülich: The non-leaf mushrooms, gelatinous mushrooms and belly mushrooms . In: Small cryptogam flora . Volume IIb: Basidiomycetes. 1st chapter. Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart / New York 1984, ISBN 3-437-20282-0 , p. 97 .
  7. ↑ Henning Knudsen, Jan Vesterholt: Funga Nordica. Agaricoid, boletoid, clavarioid, cyphelloid and gastroid genera . 2nd Edition. tape 1 . Nordsvamp, Copenhagen 2012, ISBN 978-87-983961-3-0 , p. 112-113 (English, revision of Nordic Macromycetes Volume 2).
  8. ↑ a b c Ewald Gerhardt: The great FSVO mushroom guide for on the go . 2nd Edition. BLV, Munich 2001, ISBN 3-405-15147-3 , p. 592 .
  9. ^ A b Axel Schilling, Peter Dobbitsch: Pilzkartierung 2000 Online. 2006, accessed December 30, 2014 .
  10. ↑ Federal Research Institute for Forests, Snow and Landscape (WSL): Distribution atlas of mushrooms in Switzerland. Edited by Beatrice Senn-Irlet. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on October 15, 2012 ; accessed on December 30, 2014 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.wsl.ch
  11. ^ Edgar B. Lickey, Karen W. Hughes, Ronald H. Petersen: Biogeographical patterns in Artomyces pyxidatus . In: Mycologia . tape 94 , no. 3 , 2002, p. 461-471 .
  12. ↑ Michael Kuo: Artomyces pyxidatus. In: MushroomExpert.Com. 2007, accessed January 1, 2015 .
  13. ↑ Peter Karasch, Christoph Hahn: Red List of Endangered Large Mushrooms in Bavaria . Ed .: Bavarian State Office for the Environment [LfU]. Druck- & Medienservice Schulz, Oberkotzau 2009, p. 33, 67 .
  14. ↑ Rudolf Markones: Artomyces pyxidatus, syn. Clavicorona pyxidata. Branched cup coral. In: Rudi's Pilzgalerie on pilzseite.de. Retrieved December 27, 2014 .
  15. ↑ Bruno Hennig, Hanns Kreisel, Edmund Michael: Non-leaf mushrooms (Basidiomycetes without leaves, Ascomycetes) . In: Handbook for mushroom lovers . 3. Edition. tape 2 . VEB Gustav Fischer, Jena 1986, p. 302 .
  16. ↑ FB Mushroom Utilization and Toxicology. German Society for Mycology , accessed on January 2, 2015 .
  17. ↑ Kent H. McKnight, Vera B. McKnight: Field Guide to Mushrooms: North America . Peterson Field Guide # 34. Ed .: Roger Tory Peterson. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 1998, ISBN 0-395-91090-0 , pp. 73 .
  18. ↑ Michael E. Ostry, Neil A. Anderson, Joseph G. O'Brien: Field Guide to Common Macrofungi in Eastern Forests and Their Ecosystem Functions . General Technical Report NRS-79. Ed .: United States Department of Agriculture. Forest Service. Northern Research Station. S. 81 ( fs.fed.us [PDF; 5.7 MB ]).
  19. ↑ Yong-Biao Zheng, Chun-Hua Lu, Zhong-Hui Zheng, Xin-Jian Lin, Wen-Jin Su, Yue-Mao Shen: New Sesquiterpenes from Edible Fungus Clavicorona pyxidata . In: Helvetica Chimica Acta . tape 91 , no. 11 . Helvetica Chimica Acta AG, Zurich (CH) 2008, p. 2174-2180 , doi : 10.1002 / hlca.200890235 .

Web links

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