Red chalk knights
| Red chalk knights | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Lepista | ||||||||||||
| ( Fr. ) Flat share Sm. |
The red chalk knights ( Lepista ) are usually medium-sized to large, fleshy mushrooms from the order of the mushroom-like mushrooms , which appear quite numerous, especially in autumn. In terms of habit, they stand between knights and funnels . What is striking is the formation of some very large witch rings . They do not form mycorrhiza .
features
Macroscopic features
The hat is arched over spread out to funnel-shaped, the surface is smooth. The hat color ranges from purple, bluish, gray to flesh brown. The stem and hat are very fleshy. The lamellae are either bulged (red chalk knights) or sloping down (red cherries). You are i. d. Usually easily removable. The individual species often have a typical smell, the taste is often associated with a sweet component. The spore powder color is pink, creamy yellow, less often whitish.
Microscopic features
The spores are slightly warty, cyanophilic and inamyloid. The fertile lamellar edges show no cystids . The hyphae septa have buckles .
Generic delimitation
Toadstools are not known among the red chalk knights. But there is a risk of confusion with poisonous species of other genera, such as the fragrant funnel and the tiger knight .
The red chalk knights can be confused with similar funnel or knights. The most important distinguishing features of the red chalk knights or red chalk funnels are the lamellae that can be easily removed from the hat and the often pink colored spore powder.
The Tellerlinge, bitterlings ( Clitopilus , Syn. Rhodocybe ) are similar . These are much rarer and mostly smaller in growth. They usually have a floury smell and bitter taste and belong to the reddish relatives (Entolomataceae) family. This gives them a distinctly pink to red spore powder .
ecology
As saprobionts they like to grow in leaf and needle litter or in grass, always on the ground and never on undecomposed wood.
species
The following species occur or are to be expected in Europe:
| Red chalk knights ( Lepista ) in Europe |
Violet Knight
Lepista irina
Marbled
red chalk knight Lepista panaeolus
Purple-stemmed red chalk knight
Lepista saeva
_Singer_41661_crop.jpg)
_P.D._Orton_41666_crop.jpg)
Systematics
On the basis of phylogenetic investigations, the red cherries , species with spores that are oval to almost round in cross-section, the funnel-shaped habitus and crowded, sloping lamellae, have been separated into the genus Paralepista .
swell
literature
- Erhard Ludwig: Descriptions. The smaller genera of macromycetes with a lamellar hymenophore from the orders Agaricales, Boletales and Polyporales . In: Mushroom Compendium . tape 1 . IHW, Eching 2001, ISBN 978-3-930167-43-2 (758 pages, German with English summaries, 17 × 24 cm, contains 20 new taxa and 13 new combinations).
- Marcel Bon: Parey's book of mushrooms . 1st edition. Kosmos, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 978-3-440-09970-4 (Original title: The mushrooms and toadstools of Britain and Northwestern Europe . Translated by Till R. Lohmeyer, 362 pages; over 1500 mushrooms in Europe).
Individual evidence
- ↑ Eric Strittmatter: The genus Lepista . In: Fungiworld.com. Mushroom Taxa Database. November 13, 2005, accessed July 7, 2012 .
- ^ Alfredo Vizzini, Enrico Ercole: Paralepistopsis gen. Nov. and Paralepista (Basidiomycota, Agaricales) . In: Mycotaxon . tape 120 , no. 1 , September 28, 2012, p. 253–267 , doi : 10.5248 / 120.253 ( ingenta.com [accessed May 28, 2020]).
