Violet red chalk knight
| Violet red chalk knight | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Red chalk knight ( Lepista irina ) |
||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Lepista irina | ||||||||||||
| ( Frieze ) HE Bigelow |
The Violets ( -wurz ) - ( sanguine ) Ritterlingsartige ( Lepista irina ) is a mushroom from the family of Ritterlingsartige relatives (Tricholomataceae).
features
The fruiting bodies often grow in large groups and not infrequently as witch rings . The hat , thick in the middle, is almost hemispherical when young, later it flattens out and becomes fluttering and has a more or less pronounced hump. It reaches 5 to 9, rarely up to 14 centimeters in diameter. The matt, smooth surface of the hat is pale white-gray to cream-colored, pale brownish in the center and changes color when wet ( hygrophanity ). The brim of the hat is irregular, curved and sometimes weakly ribbed. The mixed and moderately crowded lamellae are slightly bulged on the handle or just grown on and can easily be detached from the meat below. They are cream-colored when young and a little gray-pink with increasing spore maturity. The sturdy, fibrous stem is 6 to 10 centimeters high and 1 to 2 centimeters thick. When young, it is full-bodied and later hollow or stuffed. On the surface it is whitish to cream-colored, paler than the hat color. The flesh is whitish and watery. It smells characteristic of violet root and tastes mild. The spores appear creamy yellow to creamy orange in masses.
Microscopic features
The spores are hyaline and show no color reaction with iodine reagents (not amyloid ). They measure 6 to 8, rarely up to 10 to 3.5 to 5 micrometers, have an ellipsoidal shape and a somewhat warty surface.
Species delimitation
Its smell of violet root is an important distinguishing feature. It can be confused with other light-capped knights, white-capped funnels, including poisonous ones such as the field funnel ( Clitocybe dealbata ) or the lead-white varnish funnel ( Clitocybe phyllophila ) and possibly other light-capped lamellar mushrooms. The Spicy Tellerling ( Clitopilus geminus ) has a similar appearance and a similar smell, but on the other hand, lamellae that have grown down. The tufted red chalk knight ( Lepista subconnexa ) has very similar fruiting bodies, but they grow in dense tufts and have thinner stems and smaller spores.
Distribution and ecology
The fungus lives as a saprobiont in deciduous and coniferous forests, preferably with limestone soils. The fruiting bodies appear from late August to November. It is common and common in the northern hemisphere.
Ingredients, composition
In the spaces between the cells there is a peroxidase which can break down beta- carotene into flavor compounds.
use
The violet red chalk knight is edible and enjoys a good reputation as an edible mushroom . In some people, however, consumption leads to digestive disorders.
Systematics and taxonomy
The official first description comes from a work by Elias Magnus Fries published in 1838 , in which he described him as " Agaricus irinus ".
The varieties irina and montana have been described.
Both the German-language names and the specific epithet of the scientific name refer to the typical smell.
literature
- Hans E. Laux: The great cosmos mushroom guide. All edible mushrooms with their poisonous doppelgangers . Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-440-08457-4 , pp. 142 .
- Hans E. Laux: Edible mushrooms and their poisonous doppelgangers. Collect mushrooms - the right way . Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-10240-8 , pp. 55 .
- Markus Flück: Which mushroom is that? 3. Edition. Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2009, ISBN 978-3-440-11561-9 , pp. 188 .
- Joseph F. Ammirati, James A. Traquair, Paul A. Horgen: Poisonous Mushrooms of the Northern United States and Canada . University of Minnesota Press, 1986, ISBN 0-8166-1407-5 , pp. 246 ff . (English).
- William C. Roody: Mushrooms of West Virginia and the Central Appalachians . The University Press of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 2003, ISBN 0-8131-9039-8 , pp. 242-243 (English).
- Alexander Hanchett Smith, Nancy Smith Weber: The Mushroom Hunter's Field Guide . University of Michigan Press, 1996, ISBN 0-472-85610-3 , pp. 133-134 (English).
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Howard Elson Bigelow: Notes on fungi from northern Canada. IV. Tricholomataceae . In: Canadian Journal of Botany . tape 37 , no. 5 , 1959, pp. 769-779 (English).
- ↑ H. Zorn, S. Langhoff, M. Scheibner, M. Nimtz, RG Berger: A peroxidase from Lepista irina cleaves beta, beta-carotene to flavor compounds . In: Biological Chemistry . tape 384 , no. June 7 , 2005, ISSN 1431-6730 , pp. 1049-1056 , doi : 10.1515 / BC.2003.117 , PMID 12956421 (English).
