Sharp knight
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Sharp knight ( Tricholoma sciodes ) |
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| Tricholoma sciodes | ||||||||||||
| ( Pers. ) C. Martín |
The Schärfliche Ritterling ( Tricholoma sciodes ) is a leaf fungus from the family of knight relatives (Tricholomataceae). The medium-sized, gray-capped and radial-fiber knight has whitish lamellae that have a slightly pink reflex and blackening edges with age. Its meat has a pungent or bitter taste and is hot after prolonged chewing. The fruiting bodies of the mycorrhizapile appear from August to December in lime-rich beech forests. The fungus is widespread in Europe, but not common. The slightly poisonous knight can cause stomach and intestinal disorders.
features
Macroscopic features
The hat is 3–7 cm wide, bell-shaped or almost conical when young, later arched to spread out. Usually it has a characteristic, rounded hump. The surface of the hat is smooth, silky and shiny and is only slightly greasy when it is wet. The hat is ingrown with brown to gray fibers on a light gray background. It often has a purple tint and can sometimes be flaky when pressed. With age the hat darkens with brown fibers. The middle is usually much darker than the edge. This remains bent down for a long time and can tear radially.
The lamellas, which are quite close together, are bulging on the stem. They are white to light gray and usually have a more or less distinct pink reflex. The lamellar edges are sometimes a little wavy-notched and blackened significantly with age. The spore powder is white.
The solid, cylindrical stem is 5–10 cm long and 1–2 cm wide. It is smooth, white to gray-white, ingrown, fibrous and hollow with age. The tip of the handle is often lighter and slightly frosted, while the base of the handle is abruptly flattened.
The meat is white to off-white and has a slightly unpleasant, slightly earthy odor. It tastes bitter and / or pungent at first and clearly pungent after prolonged chewing.
Microscopic features
The smooth, broadly elliptical and hyaline spores measure 6–8 × 5–6.5 µm.
Species delimitation
The sharp knight can be confused with a number of gray-headed knights. The common earth knight ( Tricholoma terreum ) and related species from the Atrosquamosa section have mild or floury-tasting meat, as does the yellow earth knight and its relatives, in which the meat also turns yellow.
Particularly similar are the gray- capped species from the Virgata section , which also have gray, ingrown, fibrous caps, a pungent or bitter taste and a more or less unpleasant smell. The burning knight ( Tricholoma virgatum ) is particularly similar , the meat of which tastes immediately and clearly spicy. In addition, it differs in its occurrence in the coniferous forest on acid soils, a more pronounced, teat-like hump, a thickened stem base and its non-blackening lamellae. The bitter beech knightly ( Tricholoma bresadolanum ) is even more similar , which many mycologists consider to be just a variety of the sharp knightly knight. Its meat tastes bitter, but not hot or sharp.
Ecology and diffusion
The Schärfliche Ritterling is widespread in Europe, but not common. Its distribution area is likely to extend over the entire beech area. In the north, its occurrence extends to southern Scandinavia.
The knight can be found mainly in lime-rich beech forests. The mycorrhizal fungus is predominantly associated with beech. The fruiting bodies appear solitary to gregarious from August to December.
Systematics
The Schärfliche Ritterlingsartige 1801 was first scientifically by Christiaan Hendrik Persoon Agaricus myomyces var. Sciodes described. The French naturalist Charles-Édouard Martin placed the taxon in the genus Tricholoma in 1919 and gave it its current name through this new combination. The Swiss mycologist Paul Konrad made the taxon a variety of Tricholoma virgatum in 1929 .
meaning
The Schärfliche Ritterling is inedible or slightly poisonous. It can cause stomach and intestinal disorders.
swell
- Tricholoma sciodes. In: Index Fungorum. Retrieved September 2, 2015 .
- Tricholoma sciodes. In: MycoBank.org. International Mycological Association, accessed September 2, 2015 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Hans E. Laux: The new cosmos mushroom atlas . 1st edition. Kosmos, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-440-07229-0 , pp. 66/5 .
- ↑ a b Karin Monday: Sharp knight Tricholoma sciodes In the virtual mushroom book. In: Tintling.com . Retrieved September 2, 2015 .
- ↑ Marcel Bon : Parey's book of mushrooms . Kosmos, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-09970-9 , pp. 152 (English: The mushrooms and tools of Britain and Northwestern Europe . Translated by Till R. Lohmeyer).
- ↑ Basidiomycota Checklist-Online - Tricholoma sciodes. In: basidiochecklist.info. Retrieved August 27, 2015 .
- ↑ Cvetomir M. Denchev & Boris Assyov: Checklist of the larger basidiomycetes in Bulgaria . In: Mycotaxon . tape 111 , 2010, ISSN 0093-4666 , p. 279–282 ( online [PDF]).
- ↑ a b Belgian List 2012 - Tricholoma sciodes. Accessed August 27, 2015 .
- ↑ Zdenko Tkalcec & Mesic Armin: Preliminary checklist of Agaricales from Croatia. I. Families Pleurotaceae and Tricholomataceae. In: Mycotaxon . Vol: 81, 2002, pp. 113-176 (English, cybertruffle.org.uk ). cybertruffle.org.uk ( Memento of the original from September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Estonian eBiodiversity Species description Tricholoma sciodes. In: elurikkus.ut.ee. Accessed August 27, 2015 .
- ↑ Worldwide distribution of Tricholoma sciodes. (No longer available online.) In: GBIF Portal / data.gbif.org. Archived from the original on October 4, 2015 ; accessed on August 27, 2015 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Ilkka Kytövuori et al .: Chapter 5.2, Distribution table of agarics and boletes in Finland . ISBN 952-11-1997-7 , pp. 105–225 ( Chapter 5.2, Distribution table of agarics and boletes in Finland [PDF] Original title: Helttasienten ja tattien levinneisyystaulukko .).
- ↑ Jean-Pierre Prongué, Rudolf Wiederin, Brigitte Wolf: The fungi of the Principality of Liechtenstein . In: Natural history research in the Principality of Liechtenstein . Vol. 21. Vaduz 2004 ( online [PDF]).
- ^ S. Petkovski: National Catalog (Check List) of Species of the Republic of Macedonia . In: Acta Botanica Croatica . 2009 ( PDF, 1.6MB ( memento of February 15, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) [accessed on August 27, 2015]). National Catalog (Check List) of Species of the Republic of Macedonia ( Memento of the original from February 15, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Nahuby.sk - Atlas hub - Tricholoma sciodes. In: nahuby.sk. Retrieved August 27, 2015 .
- ↑ Grid map of Tricholoma sciodes. In: NBN Gateway / data.nbn.org.uk. Accessed August 27, 2015 .
- ^ Tricholoma sciodes / Norwegian Mycology Database. In: nhm2.uio.no / Norwegian Mycology Database. Accessed August 27, 2015 .
- ↑ Tricholoma sciodes. Pilzoek database, accessed August 27, 2015 .
Web links
- Tricholoma sciodes. In: Funghi in Italia / funghiitaliani.it. Retrieved September 2, 2015 (Italian, photos of the Schärflichen Ritterling).
- Wolfgang Bachmeier: Schärflicher Ritterling (Tricholoma sciodes). In: www.123pilze.de / pilzseite.de. Retrieved September 2, 2015 .