Burning knight
| Burning knight | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Burning knight ( Tricholoma virgatum ) |
||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Tricholoma virgatum | ||||||||||||
| ( Fr .: Fr.) P. Kumm. |
The Brennende Ritterling ( Tricholoma virgatum ), short for Brennendscharfer Ritterling , is a type of mushroom from the family of knight relatives (Tricholomataceae).
features
Macroscopic features
The hat measures 3–5 (–8) cm in diameter, is shaped like a pointed cone to bell-shaped when young and later spread out with a distinct hump in the middle and sometimes torn. The sharp brim of the hat is bent down. The surface is dry and silky, shiny when dry and usually ash- to metallic gray, rarely lighter to beige in color, with darker (blackish), radial fibers and sometimes with light violet aspects. The lamellae are gray-whitish, dense and mixed, have notched edges and are bulged on the stem. The spore powder appears white. The stem is 5–8 (–12) cm high, 1–1.8 cm thick and largely cylindrical in shape and fibrous. It is superficially whitish to ash gray and glabrous or slightly whitish fibrous. The flesh is whitish and brittle. It tastes burning hot, bitter and smells indistinctly earthy and radish-like, but not flour-like.
Microscopic features
The spores are 6–8.5 x 4.5–6.5 micrometers in size.
Species delimitation
Similar species are the tiger knightling ( T. pardinum ), the common earth knightling ( T. terreum ), the closely related bitter beech knightling ( T. bresadolanum ) and sharp knightling ( T. sciodes ) as well as others gray to black-capped and also edible knights. The Tiger Knight has a more or less unpleasant flour odor. The bitter beech knight usually grows with red beech on calcareous soil.
Ecology, phenology and distribution
It lives in coniferous forests, rarely also in deciduous forests, preferably on acidic soil and fructified between August and October. It is common in Europe and (North) America.
Systematics and taxonomy
The species epithet "virgatum" means "striped". The Schärfliche Ritterling ( Tricholoma sciodes ) was previously regarded as a variety of the Burning Knight.
toxicology
The mushroom is poisonous. The poisoning manifests itself in nausea, vomiting and gastrointestinal illness. It contains indole alkaloids ( some of which are newly discovered in it) (2,4-dimethylindole, 4- (hydroxymethyl) -2-methylindole, 4- (methoxymethyl) -2-methylindole). It probably produces vapors that can numb flies.
swell
- ↑ Hans E. Laux: The great cosmos mushroom guide. All edible mushrooms with their poisonous doppelgangers . Kosmos, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-440-08457-4 , pp. 158 .
- ↑ Hans E. Laux: Edible mushrooms and their poisonous doppelgangers . Collect mushrooms - the right way. Kosmos Verlags-GmbH, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 978-3-440-10240-4 , p. 66 .
- ^ Adrian P. Dobbs: Total Synthesis of Indoles from Tricholoma Species via Bartoli / Heteroaryl Radical Methodologies . In: The Journal of Organic Chemistry . tape 66 , no. 2 , 2001, p. 638–641 , doi : 10.1021 / jo0057396 (English).
- ↑ Luigi Garlaschelli, Zijie Pang, Olov Sterner, Giovanni Vidari: New Indole Derivatives from the Fruit Bodies of Tricholoma sciodes and T. virgatum . In: Tetrahedron . tape 50 , no. 11 , 1994, pp. 3571-3574 , doi : 10.1016 / S0040-4020 (01) 87033-2 (English).
