Raphael Breuer

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Raphael Breuer (born February 11, 1881 in Pápa , Austria-Hungary ; died January 9, 1932 in Aschaffenburg ) was an Orthodox Jewish religious scholar, Bible commentator and community rabbi .

Life

Raphael Breuer was the eldest son of Sophie (Zippora), the youngest daughter of Samson Raphael Hirsch , and Salomon Breuer . His father was chief rabbi in Pápa until he was appointed as successor to Hirsch in the rabbinate of the Israelite Religious Society in Frankfurt am Main in 1890 . Raphael Breuer received his training in the yeshiva founded by his father in Frankfurt , with Rabbi Salomon Kutner in Eisenstadt and in the Vienna ship school with Isaiah Fürst. After graduation, he studied in Mainz, Giessen and Strasbourg and received his doctorate in 1905 with a thesis on Jacques Bongars . From 1909 until his death he officiated as "Aschaffenburger Rav", as a community rabbi in Aschaffenburg .

In his writings he stood out particularly for his sharply anti-Zionist polemics. Together with his brother Josef Breuer, he worked on commenting on the writings of the Hebrew Bible (Old Testament). He has published biblical commentaries on the books Ruth (1908), Esther (1910), Kohelet (1911) and the Book of Judges (1922). His commentary on the Song of Songs , published in 1912, attracted particular attention, as he tried to provide a literal interpretation of the Song of Songs. In this comment he explained his view that the Song of Solomon is literally not a love song, but a parenetic example story that aims to give its readers a deterrent example, i.e. to show them how they should not behave. In 1923 he added a second comment to his first commentary on the Song of Songs , which has the allegorical understanding of the Song of Songs (as the song of love between God and his people Israel ). In 1915 his commentary on the Book of Joshua appeared in which, under the impression of the First World War, he critically dealt with the aspirations of contemporary Zionism .

literature

  • Matthias Morgenstern : On "Jewish chasteness and sensual pleasure." The comments on the Hohenlied by H. Graetz and R. Breuer. In: Frankfurt Judaic Contributions. 28/2001, pp. 121-148.
  • Raphael Breuer: The book of Joshua translated and explained. Frankfurt am Main 1915; Reprint (edited by Matthias Morgenstern): Lit, Berlin, Münster 2014, ISBN 978-3-643-11500-3 (texts and studies on German-Jewish orthodoxy. 2.)
  • Matthias Morgenstern: From Frankfurt to Jerusalem. Isaac Breuer and the history of the exit dispute in the German-Jewish Orthodoxy , Tübingen 1994, ISBN 3161465105
  • Breuer, Raphael. In: Lexicon of German-Jewish Authors . Volume 4: Brech-Carle. Edited by the Bibliographia Judaica archive. Saur, Munich 1996, ISBN 3-598-22684-5 , pp. 41-47.
  • Breuer, Raphael. In: Encyclopaedia Judaica , Volume 4, 1973, Sp. 1365
  • Breuer, Raphael. In: Biographisches Handbuch der Rabbis , edited by Michael Brocke and Julius Carlebach , Part 2, Die Rabbiner im deutschen Reich 1871–1945 , edited by Katrin Nele Jansen, Volume 1, Munich 2009, pp. 103–106

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Matthias Morgenstern: Epilogue. In: Raphael Breuer: The book of Joshua translated and explained. Frankfurt am Main 1915; Reprint: Lit, Berlin, Münster 2014, ISBN 978-3-643-11500-3 , p. 202 ff.
personal data
SURNAME Breuer, Raphael
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Jewish Orthodox religious scholar, Bible commentator and community rabbi
DATE OF BIRTH February 11, 1881
PLACE OF BIRTH Father
DATE OF DEATH January 9, 1932
Place of death Aschaffenburg