Rough goose thistle

Rough goose thistle
	Rough goose thistle ( Sonchus asper )
Systematics
	Euasterids II
Order :	Astern-like (Asterales)
Family :	Daisy family (Asteraceae)
Subfamily :	Cichorioideae
Genre :	Goose thistles ( Sonchus )
Type :	Rough goose thistle
Scientific name
	Sonchus asper
	(L.) Hill

The Rough sow thistle ( Sonchus asper ) is a plant from the family of the daisy family (Asteraceae).

features

Rough goose thistles are annual , rarely also winter annual herbaceous plants with hollow, fleshy, mostly knotty stems that can reach heights of between 30 and 80 cm, but in rare cases even up to 200 cm. The leaves are coarse (more rigid than those of the cabbage goose thistle ), dark green and shiny on the top. Their edge is pungent-thorny ciliate or toothed. The shape of the leaves can vary from deeply pinnate to almost undivided with a spatulate outline. On the stem-encompassing leaf base there are rounded ears that are clearly pressed against the stem. These round ears are also a characteristic of the similar common goose thistle ( Sonchus oleraceus ).

Rough goose thistle ( Sonchus asper ), fruiting

Habitus

The cups are arranged in paniculate whole inflorescences. There are only ray florets. The fruits are squeezed and winged, with three longitudinal ribs on both sides, smooth between the ribs. You have a pappus .

The flowering period extends from June to October.

The chromosome number of the species is 2n = 18.

Occurrence

The species colonizes roadsides, rubble sites, gardens, fields and banks, preferably in fresh to moist locations. In Germany it is classified as "common". In Central Europe it is an order character of the Polygono-Chenopodietalia. In the Allgäu Alps, it rises in the Tyrolean part above Elbigenalp up to 1250 m above sea level.

The original range includes Eurasia and Africa. The species is now a neophyte almost worldwide, namely in North and South America, in Central America, in Australia, New Zealand, on the Azores, Mauritius, Reunion, on islands in the Caribbean and in the Pacific.

ecology

Pollination by a stone bumblebee ( Bombus lapidarius )

The fruits are spread among other things by meadow ants of the genus Tetramorium . On a 140 cm high plant 220 baskets with approx. 250 achenes each, for a total of around 55,000 fruits, were found.

Systematics

One can distinguish the following subspecies:

Sonchus asper (L.) Hill subsp. asper
Sonchus asper subsp. glaucescens (Jord.) Ball : It occurs in southern Europe, eastern Europe, southern central Europe, northern Africa and the Middle East.

literature

Werner Rothmaler (founder), Eckehart J. Jäger, Klaus Werner (ed.): Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, Volume 4, Vascular Plants: Critical Volume . 9th edition. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg, Berlin 2002, ISBN 3-8274-0917-9
Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Ed .: Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (= The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 .

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Stuttgart, Verlag Eugen Ulmer, 2001. ISBN 3-8001-3131-5
↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , p. 667.
^ ^A ^b Sonchus asper in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved July 7, 2016.
↑ Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of the plants of Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait . 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 .
↑ ^a ^b Werner Greuter (2006+): Compositae (pro parte majore). - In: W. Greuter & E. von Raab-Straube (ed.): Compositae. Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Datasheet Sonchus asper In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.

Web links

Commons : Rough goose thistle ( Sonchus asper ) - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Rough goose thistle. In: FloraWeb.de.
Rough goose thistle . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
Profile and distribution map for Bavaria . In: Botanical Information Hub of Bavaria .
Sonchus asper Hill In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora .
Distribution in the northern hemisphere from: Eric Hultén, Magnus Fries: Atlas of North European vascular plants. 1986, ISBN 3-87429-263-0 at Den virtuella floran. (swed.)
Thomas Meyer: Goose thistle data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia )

[Oberdorfer2001-1] Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Stuttgart, Verlag Eugen Ulmer, 2001. ISBN 3-8001-3131-5

[Dörr_und_Lippert-2] Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , p. 667.

[GRIN-3] A ^b Sonchus asper in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved July 7, 2016.

[Düll-4] Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of the plants of Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait . 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 .

[Euro+Med-5] Werner Greuter (2006+): Compositae (pro parte majore). - In: W. Greuter & E. von Raab-Straube (ed.): Compositae. Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Datasheet Sonchus asper In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.