Reichstag constituency Palatinate (Bavaria) 1
The Reichstag constituency Pfalz (Bavaria) 1 was a constituency for the Reichstag elections in the German Empire from 1868 to 1918.
General
The Reichstag constituency Pfalz (Bavaria) 1 (also called Reichstag constituency Ludwigshafen-Speyer) included the cities of Speyer , Ludwigshafen and Frankenthal as well as the surrounding district offices . The constituency had an area of 622.57 square kilometers and in 1871 103,696 inhabitants (166.36 inhabitants / km²). In 1910 the population was 229,110 (368.00 inhabitants / km²). In terms of denomination, the proportion of Protestants was slightly higher than that of Catholics. In 1871 (1910) the proportion of Catholics was 47.1% (47.5%) and that of Protestants 49.4% (50.3%). The constituency was urban. 28.5% of the population lived in places with fewer than 2000 inhabitants.
MPs
choice | MP | Political party | image |
---|---|---|---|
Customs Parliament election 1868 | Ludwig Roemich | Bavarian Patriot Party | |
Reichstag election 1871 | Ludwig Heydenreich | NLP | |
Reichstag election 1874 to 1887 | Ludwig Gross | Freedom party | |
Reichstag election 1887 to 1898 | Carl Clemm | NLP | |
Reichstag election 1898 to 1908 | Franz Josef Ehrhart | SPD | |
Supplementary election 1908 to 1918 | Jakob Binder | SPD |
elections
Customs Parliament election 1868
In the Customs Parliament election in 1868 , there was only one ballot. The number of eligible voters was 16,350, the number of voters 10,853. The turnout was 66.4%.
candidate | Political party | be right | in % | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|
NLP | 5026 | 46.3% | ||
Ludwig Roemich | Bavarian Patriot Party | 5819 | 53.6% |
Reichstag election 1871
In the Reichstag election in 1871 there was only one ballot. The number of eligible voters was 16,430, the number of voters 10,871. The turnout was 59.1%.
candidate | Political party | be right | in % | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ludwig Heydenreich | NLP | 7972 | 73.1% | |
Bavarian Patriot Party | 2889 | 26.6% |
Reichstag election 1874
In the Reichstag election in 1874 , there was only one ballot. The number of eligible voters was 21,354, the number of voters 17,024. The turnout was 79.9%.
candidate | Political party | be right | in % | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|
SPD | 752 | 4.4% | ||
Ludwig Gross | Progress party | 10,839 | 63.8% | |
Bavarian Patriot Party | 5402 | 31.8% |
Reichstag election 1877
In the Reichstag election in 1877 there was only one ballot. The number of eligible voters was 23,619 and the number of voters 17,476. The turnout was 74.2%.
candidate | Political party | be right | in % | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|
SPD | 1,708 | 9.8% | ||
Ludwig Gross | Progress party | 10,012 | 57.3% | |
Johann Julius Siben | Bavarian Patriot Party | 5414 | 31.0% | |
Others | 335 | 1.9% |
Reichstag election 1878
In the Reichstag election in 1878 there was only one ballot. The number of eligible voters was 24,096, the number of voters 17,180. The turnout was 71.5%.
candidate | Political party | be right | in % | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|
SPD | 1,676 | 9.8% | ||
Ludwig Gross | Progress party | 9,482 | 55.2% | |
Johann Julius Siben | Bavarian Patriot Party | 5399 | 31.4% | |
Others | 612 | 3.6% |
Reichstag election 1881
In the Reichstag election in 1881 there was only one ballot. The number of eligible voters was 24,306, the number of voters 13,011. The turnout was 53.7%.
candidate | Political party | be right | in % | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|
SPD | 2912 | 22.4% | ||
Ludwig Gross | NLP | 6541 | 50.3% | |
Left liberals | 47 | 0.3% | ||
Johann Julius Siben | Bavarian Patriot Party | 3170 | 24.4% | |
Others | 298 | 2.3% |
Reichstag election 1884
Two ballots took place in the Reichstag election in 1884 . The number of eligible voters in the first round of voting was 25,866 and the number of voters 19,183. The turnout was 74.4%.
candidate | Political party | be right | in % | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|
SPD | 4822 | 25.1% | ||
Ludwig Gross | NLP | 8516 | 44.4% | |
Left liberals | 1091 | 5.6% | ||
Johann Julius Siben | Bavarian Patriot Party | 4752 | 24.8% |
In the runoff election, the number of voters was 18,015. The turnout was 70.1%.
candidate | Political party | be right | in % | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|
SPD | 7259 | 40.3% | ||
Ludwig Gross | NLP | 10,756 | 59.7% |
Reichstag election 1887
In the Reichstag election in 1887 , there was only one ballot. The number of eligible voters was 27,794 and the number of voters 23,848. The turnout was 86.1%.
candidate | Political party | be right | in % | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|
SPD | 4052 | 17.0% | ||
Carl Clemm | NLP | 12,986 | 54.4% | |
Johann Julius Siben | center | 6793 | 28.5% |
Reichstag election 1890
The German Liberal Party and the German People's Party agree in advance on the German-Liberal candidate Eisele. The Reich leadership of the center advised to support this candidate, the local center organization nominated Johann Julius Siben instead.
There were two ballots in the Reichstag election in 1890 . The number of eligible voters in the first round of voting was 29,222, the number of voters 23,540. The turnout was 80.7%.
candidate | Political party | be right | in % | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|
Franz Josef Ehrhart | SPD | 5993 | 25.5% | |
Carl Clemm | NLP | 10,379 | 44.1% | |
Eisele | Left liberals | 1088 | 4.6% | |
Johann Julius Siben | center | 6068 | 25.8% |
Before the runoff election, the center reached an unofficial election agreement with the SPD. The center called for abstention in constituency 237 (Munich 1) , in return the SPD called for abstention or for the election of the center in the Reichstag constituency of Palatinate (Bavaria) 1.
In the runoff election, the number of voters was 24,681. The turnout was 85.2%.
candidate | Political party | be right | in % | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|
Carl Clemm | NLP | 13,494 | 54.7% | |
Johann Julius Siben | center | 11,187 | 45.3% |
Reichstag election 1893
In the Reichstag election in 1893, there were two ballots. The number of eligible voters in the first round of voting was 31,289 and the number of voters was 26,158. The turnout was 83.6%.
candidate | Political party | be right | in % | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|
Franz Josef Ehrhart | SPD | 7433 | 28.5% | |
Carl Clemm | NLP | 12,103 | 46.4% | |
Merkle | Liberal People's Party | 407 | 1.6% | |
Johann Julius Siben | center | 6130 | 23.5% |
There were no constituency agreements. In order to prevent center voters from assuming a runoff alliance (analogous to the last election), the center explicitly called for abstention in the runoff election.
In the runoff election, the number of voters was 22,667. The turnout was 72.4%.
candidate | Political party | be right | in % | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|
Franz Josef Ehrhart | SPD | 8134 | 36.3% | |
Carl Clemm | NLP | 14,256 | 63.7% |
Reichstag election 1898
After long negotiations and several failed attempts, the NLP and BdL agree on the BdL candidate Mechtersheimer, who was supposed to join the NLP faction in the Reichstag. Clemm therefore had to forego a renewed candidacy because he was not accepted by the BdL.
There were two ballots in the Reichstag election in 1898 . The number of eligible voters in the first round of voting was 35,365, the number of voters 28,415. The turnout was 80.3%.
candidate | Political party | be right | in % | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|
Franz Josef Ehrhart | SPD | 12.008 | 42.4% | |
Johann Martin Mechtersheimer | NLP | 9304 | 32.9% | |
Merkle | Liberal People's Party | 398 | 1.4% | |
Johann Julius Siben | center | 6566 | 23.2% |
Many NLP voters rejected the election of Mechtersheimer, his result was well behind that of the last election. For the runoff election, the center and NLP had agreed a runoff alliance nationwide. In the Reichstag constituency of Palatinate (Bavaria) 1, the local center refused to implement this decision. Mechtersheimer found the center ineligible because of its membership in the Evangelical Union . The center therefore called for abstention. Individual leading center members even called for the SPD election.
In the runoff election, the number of voters was 28,554. The turnout was 80.7%.
candidate | Political party | be right | in % | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|
Franz Josef Ehrhart | SPD | 15,471 | 55.1% | |
Johann Martin Mechtersheimer | NLP | 12,602 | 44.9% |
Reichstag election 1903
In contrast to the last election, there was no BdL-NLP cooperation. Instead, they fell out and announced a "fight to the knife". The Free People's Party supported the NLP candidate.
There were two ballots in the 1903 Reichstag election. The number of eligible voters in the first round of voting was 41,754 and the number of voters 36,507. The turnout was 87.4%.
candidate | Political party | be right | in % | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|
Franz Josef Ehrhart | SPD | 16,567 | 45.5% | |
Golfing | NLP | 6990 | 19.2% | |
Johann Julius Siben | center | 8095 | 22.2% | |
Abresch | BdL | 4745 | 13.0% |
In the runoff election, the NLP called for abstention. The center saw no more chance of victory and called for abstention, thus giving up the election. The BdL offered a run-off agreement (against the support of the center in WK 255), but the center refused this due to a lack of prospects of success. Such a task before the runoff election was very rare but not unique in Reichstag elections. There were similar tasks in 1898 in constituency 53 (Guben-Lübben) or in 1890 in constituency 271 (Dinkelsbühl).
There was speculation in the media that the center wanted to save the costs of the election campaign or wanted something good for future agreements with the SPD. It was criticized that this effectively removed voting secrecy : every participant in the runoff election came out as a socialist.
In the runoff election, the number of voters was 15,209. As expected, the turnout was only 36.4%.
candidate | Political party | be right | in % | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|
Franz Josef Ehrhart | SPD | 14,777 | 99.2% | |
Johann Julius Siben | center | 112 | 0.8% |
Reichstag election 1907
BdL and NLP agree on the NLP candidate, the landowner Buhl. Young liberals and FVP and DVP joined this candidate.
In the general election in 1907 two rounds of voting were held. The number of eligible voters in the first round of voting was 44,931 and the number of voters 40,585. The turnout was 90.3%.
candidate | Political party | be right | in % | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|
Franz Josef Ehrhart | SPD | 18,539 | 45.9% | |
Buhl | NLP | 13,708 | 33.9% | |
Franz Hermann Laven | center | 8169 | 20.2% |
The center called for abstention in the runoff election. But under no circumstances should a voter vote for Buhl.
In the runoff election, the number of voters was 38,172. The turnout was 85.0%.
candidate | Political party | be right | in % | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|
Franz Josef Ehrhart | SPD | 21,826 | 58.0% | |
Buhl | NLP | 15,794 | 42.0% |
Supplementary election 1908
NLP and BdL spoke out in favor of Arthur von Posadowsky-Wehner as a joint candidate, who also enjoyed great sympathy in the center. The center rejects him as a joint candidate. Posadowsky thereupon renounces a candidacy and Buhl is running for NLP and BdL. The center renounced its own candidate and called for abstention.
In the supplementary election in 1908, one ballot took place. The number of eligible voters was 45,802 and the number of voters 32,472. The turnout was 70.9%.
candidate | Political party | be right | in % | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jakob Binder | SPD | 19,293 | 61.3% | |
Buhl | NLP | 12,165 | 38.7% |
Reichstag election 1912
In the general election in 1912 , a ballot took place. The number of eligible voters was 49,440 and the number of voters 43,213. The turnout was 87.4%.
candidate | Political party | be right | in % | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jakob Binder | SPD | 21,811 | 50.9% | |
Knoll | NLP | 10,786 | 25.2% | |
Schondorf | center | 10,247 | 23.9% |
literature
- Ernst-Otto Bräunche: Parties and Reichstag elections in the Rhine Palatinate from the founding of the Reich in 1871 to the outbreak of the First World War in 1914, Diss., 1982.
- Carl-Wilhelm Reibel: Handbook of the Reichstag elections 1890-1918, 2nd half volume, 2007, ISBN 978-3-7700-5284-4 , pp. 1006-1010.