Frost carrier hole
| The Kocioł Szrenicki hoop hole |
|
|---|---|
| Basic geotopic data | |
| Geotope type | Level niche |
| Terrain height | 900 to 1300 m |
| Size (LxW) | approx. 2.1 x 1.9 km |
| location | Lower Silesia , Poland |
| Geological unit (s) | Silesian ridge → Giant Mountains |
| Municipality / city | Szklarska Poręba ( Schreiberhau ) |
| Coordinates | 50 ° 47 '30.6 " N , 15 ° 31' 50.6" E |
The frost carrier hole ( Polish: Kocioł Szrenicki ) is a large level niche below the main ridge of the Giant Mountains in Poland .
location
The area below the Sokolnik -Gipfels, above Szklarska Poręba ( Schreiberhau about km located), 5 in a northerly direction. In the west it borders on the eastern slope of the Reifträgers ( Polish Szrenica , Czech Jínonoš ), in the east on the Veilchenstein ( Polish Łabski Szczyt , Czech Violík ).
Emergence
Geographically, the shape and today's appearance of the Giant Mountains can probably be traced back to the recent glaciation in northern Europe during the Pleistocene Ice Age . At the end of this period, known as the Vistula Glacial, about 12,000 years ago, the Baltic Sea was also formed, which is why the term “Baltic Ice Age” is equally valid.
The leveling niche on the Reifträger itself is the result of snow deposits in the upper part of an already existing valley. Even during the warmer months of the year, the snow did not melt, but instead iced up. A “perennial” patch of snow ( Latin perennis , “constant” ) made of firn (Old High German = old ) had emerged. More snowfalls covered the old snowpack and gradually a series of layers of firn grew, which more and more ice due to their own weight, which increased the rock removal up the slope. At the lower end of the snow patch, meltwater also softened the soil that was thawed in summer and facilitated the removal of material by solifluction (soil flow). This process was repeated over a longer period of time, until finally a niche was created with a noticeably steeper rear side than the surrounding area and a flatter bottom.
A Nivationsnische under certain circumstances, the precursor to the creation of Kars . There may be various reasons why this did not occur at the frost carrier hole (possible factors are the hardness of the surrounding rock, the duration of the process and the amount of precipitation). The upper part of the valley was at least less eroded. There was neither the formation of a glacier tongue or moraines, nor the formation of a so-called Karriegels, a valley-side rock sill that made it more difficult for the ice masses to drain away and encouraged the deepening of the Karboden and further erosion of the valley head.
Only on the eastern edge a so-called frost cliff emerged as a result of increasing frost weathering , as can also be observed in many places near Karen: the Bräuerhansen's stones ( Borówczane Skały ) on the slope on the northern slope of the Veilchenstein. The rock group of granite bears as all granite outcrops in the Giant Mountains distinct traces of so-called Wollsackverwitterung , which is mainly responsible for the greatly rounded corners and edges of the individual blocks of rock.
On the Polish side of the Giant Mountains there are eight "basins" (as can be seen from maps and names), although the experts from the national park administration only state six and do not include the frost carrier hole, because the characteristics of a glacier basin are not fulfilled here and the Polish part of the name " Kocioł = boiler “does not apply.
Hydrology
The area is drained by numerous small, nameless water veins that feed the Szrenicki Potok ( Reifträgerbach or raft ) on the eastern slope of the Reifträger or flow into the Bystry Potok ( Obere Kochel ) on the southwest flank of the Veilchenstein . The latter flows into the Reifträgerbach at the lower end of the niche coming from the right at an altitude of 840 meters. This in turn is a tributary of the Kochel (also Niedere Kochel , Polish Szklarka ) and belongs to the river system Oder → Baltic Sea.
vegetation
The vertical granite walls just below the Sokolnik summit are overgrown with mountain pines , underneath are meadows, bristle grass and up to two meters high specimens of the mountain lady fern ( Athyrium distentifolium ). The bottom of the niche is not particularly steep; therefore also very humid and a very interesting example of a hillside bog with an extremely diverse flora, of which only a few examples are mentioned here: bog blue grass ( Sesleria uliginosa Opiz ), hedgehog sedge ( Carex echinata ), swamp violet ( Viola palustris ) and the narrow-leaved cotton grass . The lowest section of the site is covered by mountain coniferous forest, mainly made up of spruce stands .
Tourism and nature protection
The area is located in the Polish National Park Karkonoski Park Narodowy (KPN). In addition to extensive species protection, this means that the paved paths that run along the edges must not be left. The inner and most humid part of the niche is therefore not accessible. This is probably one of the quietest and least spectacular places with signs of the last Ice Age in the Giant Mountains. Few even know of its existence. The impression it makes on the average tourist is probably vague and neither majestic nor unique.
The hiking trails are marked as follows:
▬ The blue marked “Bohemian Way” is particularly worth mentioning, as it follows an old trade route that leads from Schreiberhau to the “Old Silesian Baude”.
▬ A hiking trail with a green sign runs above the Reifträgerloch from the Grenzwiese ( Hala Szrenicka ) to the “Old Silesian Baude” ( Schronisko PTTK “Pod Łabskim Szczytem” ).
▬ Following a yellow marker you can reach the Kukułcze Skały rock formation ( cuckoo stones ), only about 800 meters southwest of the Bräuerhansens stones.
▬ There is also a connection to the red signposted “ Path of Polish-Czech Friendship ”, which enables a visit to other rock sculptures. Right on the path and very close by are the Saussteine ( Trzy Świnki ), the Quarksteine ( Twarożnik ) and on the northern slope of the Hoar Carrier there are the horse cobbles ( Końskie Łby ).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b OpenStreetMap
- ↑ Alexander Stahr, Thomas Hartmann: Landscapes and landscape elements in the high mountains . Springer-Verlag, 2013, ISBN 978-3-540-65278-6 , chapter 9.1, p. 259 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
- ^ Bernhard Pollmann: Giant Mountains with Jizera Mountains . Bergverlag Rother, 2017, ISBN 978-3-7633-4222-8 , p. 110 ( limited preview in Google Book search).