Reinhold von Sengbusch

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Reinhold Oskar Kurt von Sengbusch (born February 16, 1898 in Riga , † June 13, 1985 in Hamburg ) was a Baltic German botanist and important plant breeder .

Life

Sengbusch, son of the doctor Reinhold Alexander von Sengbusch , studied agriculture at the University of Halle and received his doctorate there in 1924 with a dissertation on sugar beet breeding. In 1925 he joined the research department at the Kleinwanzleben sugar factory. In 1926 he worked for Erwin Baur as a freelancer at the Institute for Genetics in Berlin-Dahlem. In 1927 he got a job at the newly founded Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Breeding Research in Müncheberg .

In the years 1927 and 1929 Sengbusch succeeded in using a rapid determination method he developed to select low-alkaloid or alkaloid-free individual plants from the most important lupine species for agriculture ( Lupinus luteus , Lupinus angustifolius and Lupinus albus ). The selection methods developed by him for the first time, which he described in the 1942 publication Süßlupinen und Öllupinen. Describing the genesis of some new cultivated plants in detail are among the milestones in the transformation of a wild plant into a cultivated plant. At the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Breeding Research in Müncheberg, Sengbusch also carried out selection and breeding experiments with other plant species, including rye, hemp, spinach and asparagus. In 1937 he was forced out of the institute for political reasons and then founded a private research center in Luckenwalde , where he worked as a contract researcher for industrial partners in plant breeding. During this time, he grew tobacco mosaic virus-resistant and low-nicotine tobacco varieties and strawberry varieties, which were particularly suitable for freezing. After the war, he distributed the strawberry varieties he had grown in his research center and later in his own company, in particular the Senga Sengana variety , across Europe.

In 1948, Sengbusch took over a research center in the Max Planck Society, first in Göttingen and later in Wulfsdorf near Hamburg, which was expanded in several phases and converted into a Max Planck Institute for Cultivated Plant Breeding in 1959. Sengbusch was director of this institute for ten years. During this time he worked successfully a. a. in the breeding of monoean hemp varieties, of perennial (perennial) rye and in the cultivation of mushrooms and vegetables. His research extended to aquaculture and the dissolution of kidney stones. After retiring and closing the Max Planck Institute for Cultivated Plant Breeding in 1968, Sengbusch founded a private research center for the second time. Several doctoral students were able to complete their dissertations in the field of plant tissue cultures here, partly in conjunction with the University of Hamburg, which Sengbusch had awarded an honorary professorship in 1958.

Sengbusch is one of the most important plant breeders of the 20th century. His best-known successes are the sweet lupine as a new cultivated plant for human and animal nutrition, the strawberry variety Senga Sengana , which had a market share of well over 50% in Northern Europe to Russia for decades, and the breeding of the single-family hemp variety Fibrimon with an extremely high Fiber content of over 20%. Sengbusch and his employees have published almost 500 articles.

The Society for Crop Science made him an honorary member in 1980, and the University of Giessen awarded him an honorary doctorate in 1983.

Fonts

  • Plant breeding and supply of raw materials. Leipzig 1937.
  • Plant Breeding Theory and Practice. Frankfurt am Main 1939 (= Frankfurt books. Research and life. Volume 2).
  • Sweet lupins and oil lupins. The genesis of some new crops . Verlag Paul Parey Berlin 1942 = Separate print from: Landwirtschaftliche Jahrbücher Vol. 91, 1942, pp. 719–880.
  • The way to the Max Planck Institute for Cultivated Plant Breeding . Hamburg 1960 (with an overview of Reinhold von Sengbusch's research work up to 1959).
  • From the wild plant to the cultivated plant. A documentation of my work . Private print o. O. uo J., around 1980. The publication contains a chronological index of his scientific publications.

Strawberry varieties

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Reinhold von Sengbusch. Retrieved June 19, 2018 .
  2. ^ A b c Magda-Viola Hanke, Henryk Flachowsky: Fruit breeding and scientific principles. Chapter 2: History of Fruit Breeding. Springer-Verlag, 2017, p. 23
personal data
SURNAME Sengbusch, Reinhold von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Sengbusch, Reinhold Oskar Kurt von (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German botanist
DATE OF BIRTH February 16, 1898
PLACE OF BIRTH Riga
DATE OF DEATH June 13, 1985
Place of death Hamburg