Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina
| Republika Bosna i Hercegovina Република Босна и Херцеговина |
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| Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina | |||||
| 1992-1995 | |||||
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| Official language | Serbo-Croatian | ||||
| Capital | Sarajevo | ||||
| Form of government | Parliamentary republic | ||||
| Head of state |
Alija Izetbegović (term of office: 1992–1995) |
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| Head of government | Haris Silajdžić (from 1993) | ||||
| currency | Bosnian dinar | ||||
| independence | March 1, 1992 by Yugoslavia | ||||
| National anthem | Jedna si jedina | ||||
| License Plate | BIH | ||||
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The Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Serbocroatian Republika Bosna i Hercegovina / Република Босна и Херцеговина) was a state in southeastern Europe between 1992 and 1995 and the direct forerunner of today's state of Bosnia and Herzegovina .
The country declared itself independent of Yugoslavia on March 1, 1992 after a referendum ( largely boycotted by the Bosnian Serbs ) in which 99.4% of the voters voted for state sovereignty . Immediately after the international recognition in April 1992 broke the Bosnian war between the proclaimed in January 1992 Republika Srpska on one side and the mainly by Bosniaks (Bosnian Muslims) and Croats supported government forces on the other side. The Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina existed until the Dayton Peace Agreement was signed , which repealed the constitution of the republic and created today's Federal Republic , which consists of the two entities Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Republika Srpska and the Brčko district.
history
After Slovenia and Croatia declared their independence from Yugoslavia in mid-1991 , political tensions also grew in Bosnia and Herzegovina. As a result, independence was sought, especially on the part of the Bosniaks, while the political representatives of the Bosnian Serbs advocated Bosnia-Herzegovina remaining within an increasingly Serb-dominated Yugoslavia or even closer ties to Serbia. On February 29 and March 1, 1992, a referendum, boycotted by most of the Bosnian Serbs, took place, in which almost all Bosniak and Croat voters voted for the independence of Bosnia-Herzegovina. In return, the representatives of the Bosnian Serbs proclaimed a Serbian republic within the national borders, whose seat of government became Pale . On March 2, 1992, Bosnia-Herzegovina declared its exit from Yugoslavia.
After the international recognition on April 17, 1992, the army of the Republika Srpska occupied large parts of the country and clashes between Serbian, Croatian and Bosniak units broke out throughout the country.
From April 1992 the Bosniak Alija Izetbegović was officially President of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, but could only represent the Muslim population. Opposite him was Radovan Karadžić , who was elected in the Republika Srpska, and from August 1993 the Croatian Mate Boban , who had founded the Croatian Republic of Herceg-Bosna and called for autonomy. In the course of the war it became clear to the international community that Bosnia and Herzegovina could not exist under the constitution of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina and that in order to end the war, a highly decentralized country had to be created. Various peace plans followed, such as the Vance-Owen Plan , according to which the country was to be divided into several cantons, in which either Bosniaks, Serbs or Croats would constitute the majority. It was not until 1995 that the Dayton Agreement came into force, which also complied with the principle of decentralization and divided the country into two entities and a special administrative district ( Brčko district ), with the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina itself being divided into several cantons, while the Republika Srpska is structured centrally.
military
The Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina had a government army , the Armija Republike Bosne i Hercegovine (ARBiH). It was the largest armed force of the Bosniaks during the war, fighting against the armed forces of the Republika Srpska and at times those of the Croatian Defense Council .
The current state has a common military, the Oružane snage Bosne i Hercegovine .
See also
Individual evidence
- ↑ Ustav RBiH.pdf . Fondacija Centar za javno pravo. March 14, 1993. Retrieved March 2, 2019: "U Republici Bosni i Hercegovini u službenoj upotrebi je srpskohrvatski odnosno hrvatskosrpski jezik ijekavskog izgovora."
- ↑ Jürgen Elvert (Ed.): The Balkans. Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart 1997, ISBN 3-515-07016-8 , p. 256.