Residential landscape
In the Baroque era, the term residential landscape referred to a coherent, spatially manageable region which, in addition to the main residential city, had other places with rulership functions and which were connected to one another by an extensive network of traffic and paths. A residential landscape also formed the central region or the central area of a feudal domain, usually principalities or kingdoms .
The establishment of residential landscapes in Europe experienced a surge in importance with the increase in the importance of stately representation , the promotion of civilization and cultural radiation from the middle of the 17th century.
Central functions were performed at various locations within the residential landscape. The places were not widely scattered from one another, but were adjacent and the outer circle was still within a day's reach with the means of transport ( horse- drawn carriages ) of that time .
The feudal rulers drove most of the places that were within the residential landscape with the entire court and ruled from where they were. Couriers ensured a constant connection to the respective residential palace, where further central and permanent princely ruling institutions were located.
The feudal lords were primarily concerned with penetrating rural areas and establishing sovereign power in the area . Due to the limited technical possibilities, rooms were difficult to negotiate in the early modern period . The connection of the nobles in the central system of rule of the prince was a matter of highest priority in the time of absolutism . The travel rule remained the princes for their own safety rule in the early modern period essential tool.
Residential landscapes
copper engraving by P. Schenk based on a drawing by S. Blesendorf
One such area is the area around Kleve on the Lower Rhine , which has been transformed into a residential landscape since 1650 by the work of the Brandenburg governor Johann Moritz von Nassau-Siegen . Measures were the renovation of the old Schwanenburg , the construction of a country house in the area of Freudenberg and the Prinzenhof , a city palace . A network of avenues and prominent points such as the trophy column on the Freudenberg was built, zoos were laid out and waterways built. Kleve acted as a model for the expansion of the Potsdam-Berlin residential landscape.
A residential landscape began to develop around Berlin as early as the 16th century. The residential landscape in Berlin was densified from 1650 when the Electress Luise Henriette had a new palace built in Oranienburg , the former Bötzow , instead of an older hunting lodge from 1650 . Others followed and around 1700 a dense network of hunting lodges , pleasure palaces and other rulership centers had emerged, all of which were about a day's travel distance from Berlin.
The local focus of a residential landscape changed depending on the preferences of the respective ruler. Friedrich Wilhelm I in Prussia stayed mostly in the Königs Wusterhausen Palace in autumn . His son Friedrich II preferred Sanssouci Palace in Potsdam during the summer months .
In the Electorate of Saxony there were star-shaped castles from the center of Dresden , which also formed a residential landscape around Dresden ( Pillnitz , Moritzburg ). The same applies to other larger residences such as Prague, Munich and Vienna.
For the 14th century , the central area of the Bohemian Kingdom with Prague, Karlštejn (where the relics and imperial jewels and the Bohemian crown treasure were kept ) and the royal hall (burial place) formed a kind of residential landscape. Comparable with the residential landscape at that time near Vienna (with the Palatinate monastery and burial place Klosterneuburg and the burial place Mauerbach ) and the central area near Buda (with Gran as the archbishop's seat and old residence town as well as the royal coronation and burial place Stuhlweissenburg ).
Paris and the surrounding area with St. Germain and Versailles also form a residential landscape .
Individual evidence
- ^ Lower Saxony Yearbook for State History, Volume 61, Historical Commission for Lower Saxony, Historical Commission for Lower Saxony and Bremen, Verlag Hahnsche Buchhandlung, 1989, p. 37
- ^ Frank Günter Zehnder: A society between tradition and change: Everyday life and environment in the Rhineland in the 18th century, Dumont literature and art, 1999, p. 192
- ^ Ines Elsner: Friedrich III./I. von Brandenburg-Prussia (1688–1713) and the Berlin Residence Landscape: Studies on an Early Modern Court on Travel - A Residence Handbook - With an Itinerary on CD-ROM, Publication by the Historical Commission of Berlin eV and the Berlin State Archives, BWV Verlag, 2012, P.56
- ↑ Settlement Research : Archeology, History, Geography, Volumes 1–2, Working Group for Genetic Settlement Research in Central Europe, Verlag Siedlungsforschung, 1983, p. 91
- ^ KR Popper: Raum und Mensch, prognosis, "open" planning and mission statement, Walter de Gruyter, 2015, p. 721
- ^ Lower Saxony Yearbook for State History, Volume 61, Historical Commission for Lower Saxony, Historical Commission for Lower Saxony and Bremen, Verlag Hahnsche Buchhandlung, 1989, p. 37