Recess from Nyköping

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Image on the coffin of Margaret I (1423)

The recess of Nyköping ( Swedish Nyköpings recess ) was incorporated on September 20, 1396 at the Castle Nyköpingshus signed. It represents one of the most important historical treaties in the Middle Ages of Northern Europe. The recession was the prerequisite for the Kalmar Union to emerge a year later . The agreement stipulated that the three Nordic countries Sweden , Denmark and Norway should have a common king.

background

Many Swedes were with the government of Albrecht III. dissatisfied. In 1388 Margaret I offered to become regent in Sweden. By then she had ruled Norway and Denmark. In addition, she should be awarded the title of Sweden's powerful wife and employer ( Swedish Sveriges fullmäktiga fru och husbonde ). The agreement also contained a passage that the influential circles in Sweden should get back the privileges they had before Albrecht III. Became king.

Margaret I was also forced to deal with the executors of Sweden's largest landowner Bo Jonsson Grip . They gathered at Nyköpingshus on Whitsun in 1388 and decided that, with a few exceptions, the ownership of Grips should go back to the Crown.

Albrecht III. however, continued to claim the Swedish throne. He came back to Sweden with a large army and met Margaret's troops on February 24, 1389 in Åsle , just outside Falköping . Here were Albrecht III. and his son captured. Margarethe I remained the complete victor of the dispute, but this did not result in peace.

In 1391 Margaret I negotiated at Nyköpingshus Castle about the release of Albrecht III. and the assumption of power in Stockholm from the Mecklenburgers . The agreement resulted in a ceasefire, but it was broken. New fighting broke out around Stockholm. It was not until 1395 that Lindholmen Castle in Skåne came to the conclusion that Albrecht III. would be released conditionally and that Stockholm would be placed under special administration.

The recess

So in 1396 it was time for what would go down in history as the Nyköping Recess . The meeting was called to clarify how to deal with the goods and privileges after the time of Albrecht III. wanted to proceed. The negotiations began at a time when Erik VII was elected king in Skara , and continued when he received homage as king in July 1396 on the stone of Mora .

The goods that under the reign of Albrecht III. copiously dealt or confiscated from Bo Jonsson Grip should now be returned to the Crown. The new nobility, which in the time of Albrecht III. had come up, his privileges were withdrawn. Margarethe I conducted the negotiations very skillfully. For example, she got the representatives of the church to agree to her plan by promising large donations to the cathedral churches. In return, however, she confiscated the land of the church in the parishes in favor of the crown. Margaret I also had a similar agreement on other lands. These included Östergötland , Västergötland , Dalsland and Värmland .

All lands of the bailiffs and those of the officials were to be confiscated and transferred to the property of the crown. Furthermore, that all land could be taken for tax purposes and that was in the possession of the tax-exempt nobility, is to be handed over to tax-paying farmers (Skattebonde). In addition, all private fortresses of Albrecht III. to be demolished. To enforce the regulation, special courts were set up across the kingdom. All of this was implemented immediately.

Kalmar Union

The most outstanding result of Margarethe I at the Nyköping recess was the agreement to form a Nordic Union. Already during the recession it was determined that the ruling men would meet after being convened by the king to form a union between the three northern kingdoms. The Nyköping Recess had great legal significance for the later formulation of the Kalmar Treaty , which formally launched the Kalmar Union in 1397. Contrary to what was customary at the time, the Kalmar Treaty was written on paper and not on parchment. This led many historians to believe that the treaty was never officially ratified. Only ten authorized representatives had put their seal on the contract. The original contract for the establishment of the Kalmar Union is now in the Danish National Archives.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f Historiskt-geografiskt och statistiskt lexikon öfver Sverige. Femte Bandet. MR. Nykoping. P. 265 , accessed July 26, 2013 (Swedish). ; Per Linder: Medeltiden i Nytt Ljus. (PDF; 259 kB) Information about the Nyköping recess. P. 28 , accessed July 26, 2013 (Swedish). ; Fredrik Wennberg: Det befästa Värmland. (PDF; 4.0 MB) p. 6 , accessed on July 26, 2013 (Swedish).
  2. ↑ a b Historiskt-geografiskt och statiskt lexikon öfver Sverige. Femte Bandet. MR. Nykoping. P. 265 , accessed July 26, 2013 (Swedish). ; Fredrik Wennberg: Det befästa Värmland. (PDF; 4.0 MB) p. 6 , accessed on July 26, 2013 (Swedish).
  3. ↑ Squid Unions. National Cyclopedia online. Retrieved July 26, 2013 (Swedish).