Richmodis House

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The Richmodis-Haus is a commercial building in Cologne's old town north , at Neumarkt 8-10 / corner Richmodstrasse 2. A special feature of this house with an ashlar facade is the octagonal Richmodis tower, renovated in 1928, with two horse heads looking out of the upper window. These horse heads go back to the old Cologne Richmodis legend about Richmodis von Aducht.

Richmodis House Cologne

History of origin

Its predecessor buildings can be traced back to the Middle Ages.

middle Ages

On March 7, 1409, Johann van dem Buchel acquired the farm "zume Heydenriche", who in 1429 bequeathed it to his four siblings. On September 12, 1440, Count Friedrich von Moers acquired the neighboring property "zum Schorensteyne". His grandchildren sold the farm in 1507 to the imperial arithmetic master Nicasius Hackeney . For a long time it was disputed whether the Heydenrich farm was already inhabited in 1357 by the married couple Mengi (nu) s von Aducht and Richmodis (née von Lyskirchen) - the later main protagonists of the Richmodis saga . At least this is what Friedrich Everhard von Mering and Ludwig Reischert said in 1839 . Rather, they lived next door in the house "zum Papageyen" (Neumarkt 6), which according to the shrine book had belonged to Werner von Aducht since September 1334.

The Cologne patrician Nicasius Hackeney (or Hackenay) acquired the “Heydenrich” farm from Mayor Johann von Berchem - the grandson of Count Friedrich von Moers - on March 7, 1507 , and the neighboring property “Schor (e) nstein” in December 1508, and united both to a property area. On behalf of Charles V , he had a tower-adorned property built here with a bay window, magnificent halls and house chapel, which later became the "Hackeney'scher Hof", "Nicasiushof", "Imperial Court", "Caesaris palatium" ("Caesar's Palace") or - in reference to the function as imperial accommodation - Palatium was called. It was supposed to serve as a residence for the emperor. The nearly 200-foot (61-meter) wide three-wing palace with a 28-meter-high eight-sided spiral staircase tower had a forecourt open to Neumarkt. It was the first tower of its kind in Cologne, and others followed; at that time they mainly served as a status symbol. Architecturally, the building, the plans of which probably came from the Dutch court architects, was at the transition from the late Gothic to the early Dutch Renaissance. The floor consisted of an ornate mosaic with a shield and helmet. In the farm's own house chapel there was an altar painting made by Joos van Cleve in 1515 , which is now in the Wallraf-Richartz-Museum & Fondation Corboud . The building complex was as extensive as no other noble residence in Cologne. There are indications that the property was co-financed by Maximilian I and the city of Cologne.

The builder Nicasius Hackeney probably didn't experience the lengthy completion phase himself when he died in 1518. Rather, the inauguration of the extensive property is likely to be expected only in early 1520. Since Hackeney remained childless, he decreed in his will of December 31, 1510 that not his widow "Stinchen" Hardenrath, but his younger brother Georg Hackeney should inherit the property. The palace-like property fulfilled its original function, as Emperor Charles V stayed here on October 29, 1520 and January 5, 1531. In addition to these official visits, the emperor also stayed in the palace during his numerous unofficial stays. “As often as Emperor Karl and Emperor Ferdinand came to Cologne, they were in the Hackeney Palace.” The brother of Emperor Karl V, Ferdinand I , stayed here from January 5, 1531, when he was due to his upcoming election stayed in Cologne to the Roman-German king . On the Cologne Cityscape of 1531 of Anton Woensam the tower stands the palace as "C. Pallacivs ”in front of St. Aposteln in the Cologne sky and on the Cologne cityscape from 1570 by Arnold Mercator the neighboring street bears the name“ Casius gaß ”(after Nicasius). The building was mentioned several times in contemporary representations, for example in the notes of Hermann von Weinsberg and in the praise of Cologne by Johann Haselberg from 1531: “The house was bawen from the big list: The keyer's hope it doesn't ask for vmb sunst. A graceful durn in it, because one faints the whole place; "

After the inheritance from Georg Hackeney, ownership changed frequently. Georg died in 1524, and Nicasius' three nieces ruled here; Since August 8, 1583, Cathrine Hackeney, her daughter and Ulrich Klippinck have each owned one third; on March 1, 1589, Sibilla Hackeney (next to Johannes and Constantin von Lyskirchen) was the last to register the property in the Hackeney family. The two horse heads in the tower have been attested since 1687 at the earliest, but are shown in a drawing from 1858 in the window of the house at Neumarkt No. 10. The wooden horse heads of the neo-Gothic Christoph Stephan (1797-1864) burned in the Second World War .

The eastern part served as the residence of the papal nuncio from 1725 to 1737 . At the time of the French occupation it was given a casino room; "Most extensive renovations" of the building have been recorded since the 18th century.

Founding period

Neumarkt 8 - "Englischer Hof" inn (1822)
Neumarkt 10 - “Prager Hof” (1824); (according to Vogt "probably a fantastic, painterly drawing")

In the French era , the entire complex was given house numbers 4798 (today Neumarkt 10) and 4799 (Neumarkt 8) from 1798. The two house numbers indicated a division of the property with such significant structural changes that the original architectural design is no longer recognizable. In addition to the interior alterations made in the 18th century, a classical facade was added in 1837. In the left part there was the inn "Zur Stadt Prag" (No. 4798) of the Selb couple from about 1800, while the right part had been the hotel "Zum Englischen Hof" (No. 4799) of the hotelier Bartholomäus Taurel since March 1823. The 28 m high stair tower stood between the two buildings. Before the renewal of the tower, the Richmodisturm was one of two so-called knight towers that were still preserved and which were integrated into private houses, especially in the 15th and 16th centuries. The coat of arms of the Habsburg emperors and those of the builder adorned the tower of the Nicasiushof .

The “Englischer Hof” was also the home for many Englishmen, including the English painter Samuel Prout . His lithograph of the property was made on one of his many trips. The Prager Hof was demolished in 1836 because of the construction of Richmodstrasse. In 1837 Joseph Felten built the much smaller Richmodis House in No. 8-10, which was no longer comparable to the previous buildings, where the composer Max Bruch was born on January 6, 1838 , who in March 1852 composed the first symphony he had composed. Moll presented to the public. This building and tower were abandoned in 1928. The area now belonged to the company "PG Heuser's Sons", which commissioned the architect Paul Bonatz with the maintenance of the former facade and the construction of a new tower. The complex was completed in 1929. The architect gave the new building "a clever structure that made it look much smaller and then almost Gothic - a reference to the legendary original building," as the architectural historian Wolfram Hagspiel noted. At least since 1905, the business premises of Heuser's Söhne Manufactory Wholesalers were housed in the building. Several parts of the building have already been reconstructed during this time.

After the reconstruction, Gebr. Alsberg AG Warenhausgesellschaft, Gebrüder Alsberg textile wholesalers and the purchasing center of Leonhard Tietz AG had been housed in the building since at least 1930 .

Richmodis Tower

architecture

The originally three-winged building enclosed a forecourt on Neumarkt. Both wings were decorated with battlements and corner guards. A characteristic building element was a three-sided bay window facing Neumarkt, the keystone of the inner vault was decorated with Hackeney's coat of arms - a jumping horse. A small chapel was built on the side of the Olive Alley. A 103 foot high tower with a curved spire crowning the courtyard was decorated with the imperial coat of arms. On the first floor were the 4 m high representation rooms with partly splendid chimneys and skylights decorated with stained glass .

  • On the copper engraving from 1650, the Richmodis legend is shown, which is linked to the house opposite, "Zum Parageien". The Hackeneysche Hof is shown at the top left.

  • Depiction of the Richmodisturm (center) on the Mercator plan from 1571

  • Neumarkt with the Richmodisturm (right, previous building 1903)

  • Richmodishaus (before 1911)

Modern times

The in World War II almost completely destroyed Richmodis house was renovated several times after its reconstruction, the remaining remnants - tower and parts of the facade and the memorial plaque for Max Bruch - stand since January 29, 1986, listed building (monument number 3421). The current horse heads on the stair tower date from 1958 and were designed by the sculptor Wilhelm Müller-Maus . On October 2, 1989, further renovation work began, which ended in 1991. Since October 1990 the Richmodis house has housed the SinnLeffers fashion house , which closed in February 2010 due to bankruptcy. New tenants today include TK Maxx , Gries Deco Holding (“Depot”) and Lidl . Further renovations in 2011 led to the renewal of the natural stone facade with Ettringer tuff.

location

Today's Richmodis house is located at Neumarkt 8-10, and the Schildergasse shopping street is nearby . The Cologne tram serves the nearby Neumarkt underground station and the above-ground stops on Neumarkt.

literature

  • Hans Vogts : The art monuments of the city of Cologne. The profane monuments. (= Die Kunstdenkmäler der Rheinprovinz , 7th volume, IV. Section) L. Schwann, Düsseldorf 1930, pp. 517-522 (reprint: Pädagogischer Verlag Schwann, Düsseldorf 1980, ISBN 3-590-32102-4 ).
  • Hans Vogts: The Cologne house until the middle of the 19th century. (= Rheinischer Verein für Denkmalpflege und Heimatschutz, yearbook 1964–65), Society for Book Printing, Neuss 1966, 2 volumes.

Web links

Commons : Richmodishaus and Richmodisturm  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Hans Vogts , Secular Buildings in Old Cologne , in: Konrad Adenauer (Ed.), Deutschlands Städtebau - Cologne, 2nd edition, DARI, Berlin - Halensee, 1925, p. 89
  2. ^ Johann Jakob Merlo, Die Familie Hackeney zu Köln , 1863, p. 37.
  3. ^ Friedrich Everhard von Mering / Ludwig Reischert, On the history of the city of Cologne on the Rhine , 1839, p. 11.
  4. ^ A b Hans Vogts: The art monuments of the city of Cologne. The profane monuments. (= Die Kunstdenkmäler der Rheinprovinz . 7th volume, IV. Section) L. Schwann, Düsseldorf 1930, pp. 517-522 (reprint: Pädagogischer Verlag Schwann, Düsseldorf 1980, ISBN 3-590-32102-4 )
  5. ^ Gisela Matthes, The rood screen of St. Maria in the Capitol in Cologne from 1523 , 1967, p. 67.
  6. ↑ a b Dieter Herion, When Witches Still Flew Over Cologne , 2008, p. 137.
  7. ^ Johann Jakob Merlo, Die Familie Hackeney zu Köln , 1863, p. 40 .
  8. ^ Architects and engineers association for Lower Rhine and Westphalia, Cologne and its buildings , 1984, p. 140
  9. ^ Gisela Matthes, The rood screen of St. Maria in the Capitol in Cologne from 1523 , 1967, p. 9 f.
  10. ^ Johann Jakob Merlo, Die Familie Hackeney zu Köln , 1863, p. 61.
  11. ^ Leonard Ennen, History of the City of Cologne , 1875, p. 572.
  12. ↑ Cologne in 1531. Johann Haselberg's poem of praise to the city of Cologne, by JJ Merlo. Digitized on Wikisource
  13. ↑ Helmut Signon, How was it in Cologne before , 1972, p. 142
  14. ^ Peter Bloch (art historian) : Sculptures of the 19th century in the Rhineland (1975) p. 24 books.google
  15. ^ Johann Jakob Merlo, Die Familie Hackeney zu Köln , 1863, p. 41.
  16. ^ Hans Vogts, Secular Buildings in Old Cologne , in: Konrad Adenauer (Ed.): Deutschlands Städtebau - Cologne , 2nd edition, DARI, Berlin - Halensee, 1925, pp. 86-87
  17. ↑ Günter Meissner, General Artists Dictionary , 2003, p. 128
  18. ↑ Peter Fuchs (Ed.), Chronicle of the History of the City of Cologne , Volume 2, 1991, p. 142
  19. ^ Wolfram Hagspiel: Large buildings and private houses 1927 to 1933, in: Cologne. His buildings 1928–1988. Published by the Architects and Engineers Association Cologne eV from 1875. Edited and compiled by Heribert Hall. JP Bachem Verlag, Cologne 1991, ISBN 3-7616-1074-2 , p. 70
  20. ^ Address book for the city of Cologne 1905 , Cologne address book publisher Anton Carl Greven, Cologne 1905, III. Part, p. 343
  21. ^ Address book for the city of Cologne 1930 , Cologne address book publisher Anton Carl Greven, Cologne 1930, Part IV, p. 467
  22. ^ Tower of the Richmodishaus and the remains of the facade Text of the protection of the city conservator from Bilderbuch Köln.de, accessed on August 18, 2017.
  23. ↑ Beatrix Alexander on "E jot Päd es Jold wät", museums Cologne, picture of the 42nd week - October 20th to 26th, 2008  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. .@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.museenkoeln.de  
  24. ↑ Cologne sagas and stories by Yvonne Plum, Bachem-Verlag, Cologne 2009 ISBN 978-3-7616-2289-6 .

Coordinates: 50 ° 56 ′ 12.4 "  N , 6 ° 56 ′ 52.8"  E