Alpen-Bergscharte
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Alpen-Bergscharte ( Rhaponticum scariosum subsp. Rhaponticum ) |
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| Rhaponticum scariosum subsp. rhaponticum | ||||||||||||
| ( L. ) Greuter |
The mountain-lip Alps ( Rhaponticum scariosum subsp. Rhaponticum ), also known as giant knapweed, is a subspecies of the plant Lamarck mountain-lip ( Rhaponticum scariosum Lam. ) From the genus RHAPONTICUM ( Rhaponticum ) in the family of Compositae (Asteraceae). The name giant knapweed should not be used for reasons of confusion, as another species, Centaurea macrocephala is also called that.
description
Vegetative characteristics
The Alpen-Bergscharte is a perennial herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 30 to 150 centimeters. The strong, thick stem usually has only one inflorescence and thickened towards the cup. It is leafy and hairy, tomentose and woolly.
The leaves are green, their underside is white-gray and tomentose. The leaf blade is up to 60 centimeters long and 15 centimeters wide, its edge is serrated irregularly. At the base, the leaves are heart-shaped and petiolate, while the upper leaves are smaller, sessile and undivided to pinnate.
Generative characteristics
The flowering period extends from July to September. The cup-shaped inflorescences are very large, their shell is spherical. The almost round appendages of the outer scales are brown-skinned and torn and torn. The pink to purple tubular flowers are all tubular and the marginal ones are not enlarged.
The achenes are brown. The reddish pappus (crown of hair) is double-rowed, the inner bristles are significantly longer.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 26.
Occurrence
The Alpen-Bergscharte occurs in the Alps from the Maritime Alps to Carniola . Home countries are Italy, Switzerland, Slovenia and a small area in France.
It colonizes slightly moist, mostly calcareous slate rubble soils, grassy slopes and meadows, and bushes at altitudes of 1400 to 2500 meters. It's pretty rare. It mostly occurs in the Adenostylo-Cicerbitetum rhaponticetosum from the association Adenostylion alliariae.
Systematics
The subtribe Centaureinae from the tribe Cynareae in the subfamily of the Carduoideae within the family of the Asteraceae was edited in the 21st century. Thereby the kinds of the former genera Acroptilon Cass. , Centaurothamnus Wagenitz & Dittrich , Leuzea DC. and Stemmacantha Cass. into the genus Rhaponticum Vaill. incorporated, most recently at O. Hidalgo et al. 2006.
The currently accepted botanical name, only as a subspecies, was published in 2005 by Werner Greuter in Willdenowia , Volume 35, p. 237. Synonyms for Rhaponticum scariosum subsp. rhaponticum (L.) Greuter are: Centaurea rhapontica L. , Leuzea rhapontica (L.) Holub , Serratula rhapontica (L.) DC. , Stemmacantha rhapontica (L.) Dittrich .
supporting documents
- Gunter Steinbach (Ed.): Alpine flowers (Steinbach's natural guide). Mosaik Verlag GmbH, Munich 1996, ISBN 3-576-10558-1 .
- Werner Greuter (2006+): Compositae (pro parte majore). - In: W. Greuter & E. von Raab-Straube (ed.): Rhaponticum scariosum subsp. rhaponticum In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 970 .
- ↑ a b Werner Greuter (2006+): Compositae (pro parte majore). - In: W. Greuter & E. von Raab-Straube (ed.): Rhaponticum scariosum subsp. rhaponticum In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
Web links
- Stemmacantha rhapontica (L.) Dittrich s. st. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora . Retrieved June 18, 2016. Synonym of Rhaponticum scariosum subsp. rhaponticum
- Thomas Meyer: Bergscharte data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia ).
- Leuzea rhapontica at Plants For A Future
- Rhaponticum scariosum subsp. rhaponticum in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.