Giant Lorchel
| Giant Lorchel | ||||||||||||
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Giant Lorchel ( Gyromitra gigas ) |
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| Gyromitra gigas | ||||||||||||
| ( Krombh. ) Cooke |
The gyromitra gigas ( Gyromitra gigas ) is a fungal art from the family of Giftlorchelverwandten . The relatively large fruiting bodies with ocher-brown, lobed hats are characteristic.
features
Macroscopic features
The hat of the giant Lorchel becomes 8 to 12 cm high and wide, in exceptional cases it can reach a size of up to 20 cm. It consists of large, superimposed, curled lobes with a rounded or bulbous overall shape. The color varies from light brown to olive-brown, olive-yellow shades also appear. The hat flaps can be attached to the stem or only point downwards. The inside of the hollow hat is whitish.
The usually very short, bulbous stem can be 3 to 6 cm high and thick. It is whitish and on the surface fine-grained to fine-felted. The stem shape is generally irregular, broad, wrinkled or pitted. Often the stem sits deep in the ground and can hardly be seen. It is riddled with cavities on the inside.
The meat is yellow-white in color, waxy, fragile and has a pleasant smell and taste.
Microscopic features
The fruit layer ( hymenium ) is on the surface of the hat. The spores are long-elliptical, measure 23–31 × 10–13 μm and, when ripe, show an incompletely reticulated ornament that is so clearly pronounced that it can be seen in water without staining. There is a blunt appendage on each of the spore poles. They are hyaline and have one large and two smaller drops of oil inside. There are eight spores in each of the asci .
Species delimitation
Gyromitra ticiniana is very similar . It only grows on hardwood, especially oak and beech wood on the ground, and therefore only occurs in deciduous forests. Their spores remain smooth for a long time, show the same appendages as those of Gyromitra gigas s. st. and when ripe they also form an incomplete, fine, but flatter network as an ornament, which can only be seen under the light microscope after staining with cotton blue. A reliable differentiation is possible through the barcoding region ITS on the basis of the DNA sequences.
The spring lobster, which also fructifies in spring, has a red-brownish hat color and a narrow and more brain-like twisted hat. Microscopically, both species can be differentiated by their spores, since the spores of the spring lilac are smooth and do not form any appendages at the ends of the spores.
Ecology and phenology
The Giant Lorchel grows as a saprobiont on both deciduous and coniferous wood, but prefers coniferous wood in Western and Central Europe. The fungus often occurs on jammed stumps or buried wood, but also on clear-cuts. Loose, humus soils are preferred. The fruiting bodies are formed in the spring from March to mid-April. In Germany the species is considered rare, in the Red List of Threatened Species it is classified in category 3 as endangered.
meaning
The giant Lorchel is considered to be slightly poisonous. Like the spring lilac it contains gyromitrin , but in a smaller amount, which causes poisoning of the gyromitra type .
proof
literature
- Ewald Gerhardt: BLV mushroom guide . 5th edition. BLV, Munich 2010, ISBN 978-3-8354-0644-5 , p. 628 .
- Edmund Michael , Bruno Hennig, Hanns Kreisel : Handbook for mushroom friends. Volume 2. Non-leaf mushrooms (basidiomycetes without leaves, ascomycetes) . 3. Edition. Fischer, Jena 1986, ISBN 3-437-30347-3 , p. 378 .
Individual evidence
- ^ Frank Moser: Riesenlorchel . Natur-Lexikon.com. Retrieved June 26, 2013.
- ↑ Kreisel 1986, p. 378
- ^ A b c d Nicolas van Vooren, Pierre-Arthur Moreau: Essai taxinomique sur le genre Gyromitra Fr. sensu lato (Pezizales). 3. Le genre Gyromitra Fr., sous-genre Discina . In: ascomycete.org . tape 1 , no. 2 , 2009, p. 3-13 .
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Matteo Carbone, Nicolas van Vooren, Vavřinec Klener, Pablo Alvarado: Preliminary phylogenetic and morphological studies in the Gyromitra gigas lineage (Pezizales): Epitypification of Gyromitra gigas and G. ticiniana . In: ascomycete.org . tape 10 , no. 5 , 2018, p. 187-199 .
- ↑ Pilzfoum EU: Gyromitra gigas vs. Gyromitra ticiniana. In: www.pilzforum.eu. 2019, accessed March 27, 2020 .
- ↑ Xin-Cun Wang, Wen-Ying Zhuang: A three-locus phylogeny of Gyromitra (Discinaceae, Pezizales) and discovery of two cryptic species . In: Mcologia . tape 111 , no. 1 , 2019, p. 69-77 , doi : 10.1080 / 00275514.2018.1515456 .
- ^ Nicolas van Vooren, Pierre-Arthur Moreau: Essai taxinomique sur le genre Gyromitra Fr. sensu lato (Pezizales). 2. Le genre Gyromitra Fr., sous-genre Gyromitra . In: ascomycete.org . tape 1 , no. 1 , 2009, p. 7-14 .
- ↑ Kreisel 1986, p. 378
- ↑ Gerhardt 2010, p. 628
- ↑ Pilzverein Augsburg Königsbrunn e. V. . Information about the spring Lorchel. Retrieved June 26, 2013.
Web links
- Gyromitra gigas. In: Funghi in Italia / funghiitaliani.it. Retrieved June 26, 2013 (Italian, photos and microscopic images of the Riesen-Lorchel).