Ring (opole)
The Ring (Polish Rynek ) is the market square of the city of Opole (German Oppeln ) in Poland. The ring has a rectangular shape (78 m × 92 m), framed by the town houses from the 18th century. The neo-renaissance town hall forms the center .
history
The history of origin goes back to the 13th century. At that time a first market was removed and a rectangular square was created in its place. It formed the center of the medieval city of Opole. At this place the two trade routes Via Regia , which ran from Calais to Kiev , and the Amber Route , which connected Saint Petersburg and Venice , crossed. The first houses were simple and made of wood, so there were often fires in the city. The Opole prince and bishop Johann I bequeathed 300 silver marks to the city for the construction of stone houses on the ring. The houses were constructed as follows: In the basement and ground floor there were initially vaulted chambers. The first floor consisted of a long hallway with the kitchen under the stairwell. The majority of the houses were provided with two floors.
In the following centuries the houses were rebuilt several times. The houses underwent major changes, especially in the 18th century. In some places corner bay windows were added, which were already included in the plans of Johann I. The town houses were given baroque and classicist facades. At that time the ring consisted of 39 houses, each with twelve on the west side, five on the north, twelve on the east and ten on the south side.
Until 1933, the weekly market in Opole was held exclusively on this square. Between 1933 and 1935 the ring was expanded into a representative square. First of all, the market was relocated and the houses immediately adjacent to the town hall were demolished. In 1936, the monument to Frederick the Great was erected on the south side of the ring, directly in front of the town hall .
In World War II, many buildings were damaged or destroyed. The north side was hit hardest, with almost all five houses destroyed. In the years from 1952 to 1955, most of the houses were rebuilt true to the original, but mostly with a shortened floor plan. The shape of some buildings was changed, for example the former Hotel Zum Schwarzen Adler , where the facade from the 18th century was reconstructed.
Today the ring still forms the heart of the city of Opole. There is a large number of beer gardens in summer, many small boutiques and shops, as well as the city's tourist information centers.
On the east side of the ring is the Polish Walk of Fame , where Polish music stars were awarded a star. Polish bands and musicians are immortalized here, such as Czesław Niemen , Michał Bajor , Edyta Górniak , Basia Trzetrzelewska , or the bands Lady Pank , Myslovitz , Skaldowie and Zakopower .
Town houses
House No. 1
House No. 1 is also known as the Princely House . Until 1532 it belonged to the Opole princes. From 1824 to 1952 the pharmacy "Zum Löwen" (Polish Pod Lwem) was located here. A bronze figure of the lion has been preserved on the building to this day.
House number 4
House number 4 is a normal residential building. It had no special decorations on the outer facade. It was only when the ring was rebuilt in the 1950s that the building was raised by one floor and given a facade in the Baroque style . From 1959 to 1964 the Theater of the 13 Rows (Polish Teatr 13 Rzedów) by Jerzy Grotowski was housed here. A stained glass mask was hung on the building in memory of the theater. Today there is a restaurant here.
House number 10
House No. 10 is a classicist building with links to the Renaissance . The building dates back to the 15th century and was one of the first brick buildings on Oppelner Ring. In 1739 it burned down completely in the great city fire. Only the basement remained. The building was initially rebuilt in the Baroque style. The classicist decoration seen today was only given to the building in the middle of the 19th century. The building survived the Second World War unscathed and is still used today as a residential and service building. The "Astor" art gallery is now located on the ground floor. This sells works by contemporary local artists as well as other paintings and jewelry.
House number 11
This building, built in the classical style, is the old post office . Until 1822 it housed the Opole post office. In 1898 the building was replaced by a new building in the eclectic style, which was destroyed in the Second World War. In 1954 it was rebuilt in the state it was in before 1898.
House number 12
This building is a baroque style building. The facade dates from the 18th century . The rear section was destroyed in the Second World War and rebuilt in the 1950s. A relief decorates the entrance gate of the house, which depicts the scene of the Annunciation. It was created by the architect Marian Skalkowski , who led the reconstruction of the ring in the 1950s.
House number 16
The first stone house on the Ring was built on the site of this house in 1421. From 1791 the Opole midwifery school was located here and from 1839 the Opole printing company "Erdmann Raabe". In World War II it was destroyed and not rebuilt in its original state.
House No. 24-26
This house is located on the eastern side of the ring. It is a rebuilt building in the Rococo style . The side tower was reconstructed a few years ago. Today there is a branch of the Bank Gospodarki Żywnościowej (BGŻ, German: Bank for the Food Industry) / BNP Paribas .
More houses
- House No. 2 : This is where Café Wirtualna is located .
- House No. 7 : This house houses the Cepelia Gallery , which sells traditional Silesian art.
- House No. 19 : The popular Omega library is located here .
- House No. 27 : The house was rebuilt after the Second World War and provided with arcades.
- House No. 32 : Oldest town house in Rococo style with corner bay window. The Melba restaurant is located here .
literature
- Anna Bedkowska - Karmelita: Travel guide through the Opole region. Alkazar, Opole 2009, ISBN 978-83-925591-3-9 , pp. 24-27.
- Zajączkowska, Urszula: Oppeln / Opole - An art history tour through the city on the Oder, Great Art Guide Schnell & Steiner, Volume 271; ISBN 978-3-7954-2592-0 , pp. 23-25
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Archived copy ( Memento of the original dated December 2, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Anna Bedkowska - Karmelita: travel guide through the Opole region. Alkazar, Opole 2009, ISBN 978-83-925591-3-9 , pp. 24-27.
- ^ Ryszard Emmerling, Urszula Zajączkowska: Oppeln Travel Guide, Silesian Publishing House ADAN, p. 15; ISBN 83-915371-6-1
- ^ Andrzej Hamada: Architecture of Opole in the historical cityscape. Oficyna Piastowska, Opole 2008, ISBN 978-83-89357-45-8
- ^ Andrzej Hamada: Architecture of Opole in the historical cityscape. Oficyna Piastowska, Opole 2008, ISBN 978-83-89357-45-8
- ↑ Anna Bedkowska - Karmelita: travel guide through the Opole region. Alkazar, Opole 2009, ISBN 978-83-925591-3-9 , pp. 24-27.
- ^ Ryszard Emmerling, Urszula Zajączkowska: Oppeln Travel Guide, Schlesischer Verlag ADAN, p. 19; ISBN 83-915371-6-1
- ^ Ryszard Emmerling, Urszula Zajączkowska: Oppeln Travel Guide, Schlesischer Verlag ADAN, p. 19; ISBN 83-915371-6-1
Coordinates: 50 ° 40 ′ 6.8 ″ N , 17 ° 55 ′ 20 ″ E