Roller skis

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The roller ski sport (also roller skiing, roller skiing, roller skiing, roller skiing or shortly scooters) is an endurance sport . Roller skiing has been around for several decades. It was originally developed as a summer training for cross-country skiers using classic technique. With the advent of the skating technique , special roller skis were developed for this. In the process, roller skiing developed from a training discipline to a competitive sport. Roller skiing is organized in the International Ski Federation .

Training roller skis for skating or classic

Roller skis

A roller ski (also roller ski or roller ski ) consists of a handle (mostly aluminum) and two to four wheels, depending on the model. The center distance is usually 530 to 700 mm. The roll width varies from 20 to approx. 70 mm. The rims are usually made of aluminum or plastic and are equipped with pads made of rubber or polyurethane . For the skating technique, the rollers are mounted in a row. The models for classic technology have a roller at the front and one or two rollers at the back. Because of the large center distance with the small roller size, roller skis are only for trips on smooth surfaces, e.g. B. asphalt, suitable. However, there are also roller skis for use on forest and forest paths. These are called off-road roller skis (or cross roller skis). They roll on rubber or pneumatic tires with diameters between 130 and 150 millimeters. In contrast, there are so-called Nordic Cross Skates , which are considered a kind of hybrid of roller skis and inline skates.

Running techniques

In the following, the main types of locomotion in the classic style and in skating are listed, each sorted in descending order of speed.

Classic style

  • Double-decker push
  • Double-decker push with an intermediate step
  • Diagonal step
  • Slide

Skating style

  • Ice skating step (without use of sticks)
  • Skating 1: 2 - a stick insert for every second leg print - with active arm swing
  • Skating 1: 1 - a stick insert for each leg print
  • Skating 1: 2 - a stick insert for every second leg print - (with guide arm)
  • Half-skate step (HSS)
  • Diagonal skating

Medical aspects

Roller skiing is suitable for everyone, regardless of age, height or weight. Roller skiing trains the feet, calves, thighs, buttocks, stomach and back muscles, and the cardiovascular and balance systems. The gentle movement is gentle on the joints. Roller skiing is also suitable for slipped discs, knee and hip joint problems, overweight and circulatory problems. The back muscles as supporting tissue for the spine are built up. In particular, the rotators of the back muscles (rotators) deep in the groove between the transverse and spinous processes of the entire spine are trained. In this way, back pain and herniated discs are prevented or alleviated. The buttocks and thigh muscles are stabilized.

history

When cross-country skiing became a competitive sport, you also needed suitable summer training. Experiments with skis on wheels began in various places. The first roller ski was spotted in Berlin in 1924. It was a converted children's scooter. The first roller ski models were already on sale at Sport Hummel in Innsbruck in 1927. In the 1950s, Oskar Rösch from Pforzheim developed roller skis with balloon tires and cable brakes that were sold abroad as well as in Germany. In the 1960s, the GDR and Italy began further development. The first series production of roller skis is said to have taken place in Scandinavia. Since the 1970s, the "Grimmer" scooter has been used for summer training for cross-country skiers in the GDR. After a kind of standard for roller skis had developed, the first races took place in the 1970s. The roller skis had one wheel in the front and two wheels in the back. The metal frame was 70 to 100 cm long. The Italian Roller Ski Association (IRF) was founded in 1979 as the first roller ski association.

The races became international and required an umbrella organization. In 1987, the national associations from Italy, the Netherlands, Finland and Germany founded the European Roller Ski Federation (ERF). Its first president was the Italian roller ski manufacturer Fabio Crestani. In 1987 the first European championship was organized in Fonzaso (Italy). The International Ski Federation (FIS) became aware of the growing sport . At the congress in Budapest in 1992 the FIS decided to merge with the ERF and take up roller skiing as a division. George Brouwer from the Netherlands was its first director.

The first Roller Ski World Games took place in The Hague in July 1993. The world games were the unofficial world championship. The World Cup was introduced in the 1994 season, the first stop was Geyer in the Ore Mountains. In 1995 the FIS reduced the permissible center distance for roller skis to a minimum of 530 mm. In 1998 the FIS Congress in Prague also decided to hold official world championships. In September 1999 the last World Games were held in Sonthofen . The first FIS Rollerski World Championship took place from August 30th to September 3rd, 2000 in Rotterdam and Bergschenhoek.

Development in Germany

The 1st German roller ski race took place in Böblingen in 1956. From the 1970s onwards, roller ski and roller ski competitions were increasingly held in Germany. So z. B. since 1973 with TSG Schkeuditz (then BSG Motor Schkeuditz (GDR)), 1974 with Lower Saxony Ski Club Stadthagen (BRD) and with the Saxon SSV 1863 Sayda, then BSG Einheit Sayda (GDR). In the GDR, roller ski competitions were used exclusively as summer training for cross-country skiers. For this purpose, a systematic competition system consisting of regional competitions, district and district championships was set up. In the FRG, on the other hand, an own roller-ski scene developed. In 1981, the first international roller ski race on German soil was held in Böblingen . Organization became necessary due to the increase in roller ski activity. The German Roller Ski Association (DRSV) was founded in 1986 by clubs from Böblingen, Bodenmais, Raubling, Oberammergau, and Bad Vilbel. Many active roller skiers and clubs quickly belonged to it. In the same year there was an international German roller-ski mountain championship in Bodenmais and an international German roller-ski flat championship at the Nürburgring . The first German champions were Martina Schröder and Franz Kroiss. The DRSV 1986 defines a center distance of at least 700 mm and a maximum wheel diameter of 100 mm as standards for roller skis.

Claudia Hahn, Martina Schröder, Hahn Thilo, Kroiss Franz, Bernreiter Ferdinand, Altendorfer Richard, Altendorfer Thomas and Egger Richard were nominated for the first national team. As early as 1987, the membership increased to 19 clubs and 44 individual members. The first successes were achieved in 1987 at the first European championship in relay and mountain running: Martina Schröder, Claudia Hahn and Christine Schwarz were relay European champions. The bronze medal went to Richard Altendorfer, Richard Egger and Thilo Hahn. Sebastian Huber, Thomas Meyer and Georg Schwarz took third place in the youth class. Martina Schröder won the silver medal in the women's mountain run.

The German Rollerski Association (DRSV) was subordinate to Mr. Hans Görlach, Walter Hartig, Anton Rosskopf and Joachim Starke. From the pen of Anton Roßkopf, who headed the association from 1989 to 1998, the roller ski newspaper was created: Rollski-Echo . This brochure contained everything you need to know about roller skis throughout Germany.

In 1993 the Germany Cup for youth, women and men was introduced. In the first year the demand for these events increased. Since 1995 the children’s and schoolchildren’s cup has also been held for the next generation . The Deutschlandcup was also used by athletes from the Netherlands and Switzerland, whereby the Dutch internally rated it as the Dutch championship.

Since the German Ski Association (DSV) is the only German association in the International Ski Association (FIS), the DRSV was forced to join the DSV when the FIS decided to hold roller-skiing world championships so that the members of the DRSV could also take part in world championships . In 1998 this merger was approved by an application from the DRSV to the DSV . The DRSV went into the DSV department: Nordic roller skis . After that, the dissolution of the German Roller Ski Association was initiated. At this point in time this association had 54 clubs and 44 individual members.

equipment

Skating scooter

Skating

For skating, roller skis are used with a center distance of 530 to 610 mm , two to four wheels per spar, poles with a length of body size × 0.9 and skating boots suitable for the binding. The difference between a competition scooter and a training scooter is the width and size of the wheels and the choice of surface (PU or rubber) with different rolling resistances as well as the choice of aluminum or carbon chassis .

Classic scooter

Classic

For the classic technique, roller skis with a center distance of 700 mm and two or three wheels are used. The sticks should be about the length of your height × 0.85 (shoulder high). You can use a normal cross-country ski boot. The roller roller has two wheels with a width of up to 70 mm. The tricycle scooter has one wheel at the front and two wheels at the back. The wheels on at least one axle must have a backstop for pushing off. Wheels up to a diameter of 100 mm are driven.

There is also a classic roller ski whose central wheel with a backstop is only pressed when the footprint is on the ground. With the middle wheel, the bar can be longer (center distance 900 mm), which means that the roller ski looks more like a ski and better handling on bumpy and rough roads.

Combiroller.jpg

Combination models for both techniques

There are also so-called combination scooters. The center distance is between that of skating and classic models (for example 640 mm). The wheel size is approx. Ø 80 × 40 mm. With these scooters, both skating and classic techniques can be performed. Depending on the technique, the appropriate stick length should be used.

As a general rule

Various braking devices (calf brakes, heel brakes, brake rings, rubber wheels, eddy oil brakes, pressure rollers) are available for both technologies to reduce running speeds or increase rolling resistance. Cross-country skiers use this possibility to simulate the speeds of the cross-country ski. The hardness (Shore) of the wheels is decisive for the strength of the abrasion or the adhesion in wet conditions . The sticks are always equipped with hard metal tips.

One pattern for increasing rolling resistance is the so-called SPEED REDUCER:

After the lever of the pressure rollers has been regulated once, the speed can be reduced to 30-40% as desired without wearing the wheels. Due to the space requirements, the speed reducer must be mounted directly behind the front wheel.

protective gear

A helmet is recommended as minimum protective equipment. Gloves, glasses, elbow and knee pads complete the equipment.

Protective equipment 1.jpg

Correct equipment according to target groups

Beginners can start with braked rollers or slow rubber wheels. The brake rings can be removed later. There are all-round bikes that can also be used in rainy weather. German manufacturers offer roller skis with built-in brakes. Advanced riders will find a wide range: there are the right bikes for every runner weight and for different asphalt surfaces. They are determined by the mixture of the material and the hardness. Classic scooters are particularly important as training equipment for cross-country skiers. For racers there are now the fastest bikes for every surface, regardless of whether classic or free running technique. Light, sporty chassis ensure the best power transmission. For heavyweight runners and for strength training sessions, the rear upright of the chassis can be reinforced. For roller skiing in the rain and on wet tracks, there are special acid-resistant / rust-free bearings, also with special splash protection covers.

Competitions

The spectrum of competitions is wide: there are mountain climbs, flat runs and hilly runs. There are relays, sprints, team races, individual races and hunting races. In flat races, speeds of up to 50 km / h are reached.

Outstanding in the European context is the 30 km mountain run in Cervinia , in which well-known cross - country skiers take part: Johann Mühlegg has already won several times . Then there are the championships in Italy and France.

Some competitions have firmly established themselves in Germany, such as the Germany Cup, Student Cup, German Mountain and German Flat Championships. These competitions are organized by the DSV and the popular sports division. There are also other events organized by associations.

World Cup and World Championships

World Cup in Schmallenberg 2008

The Roller Ski World Cup has been held annually from May to October since 1994. The point system determines the overall World Cup ranking. In addition, the Rollerski World Championship has been held every two years since 2000 .

Chase start

A special feature is the so-called chase start, in which the winner is determined by two races on consecutive days. On the second day, the runners start in the Gundersen method , i.e. H. in the order and with the time interval of the first run; the winner of the first day starts first and is “chased” by the pursuers. The winner of the hunting race is the one who crosses the finish line first on the second day.

Well-known roller skiers

  • Thomas Jung (GER), 2nd flat share 1995, 2nd flat share season 1997 + 1999, 3rd flat share season 1995, 3x 1st EM Jun. 1992, 1st EM youth 1990, multiple German champion
  • Thomas Rausch (GER) multiple German champion, multiple German mountain champion, multiple Rhineland-Palatinate champion, 3 relay European championships in Sweden
  • Niklas Almgren (SWE), 3rd flat share 1997
  • Mateja Bogatec (ITA), 1st World Championship Sprint 2005. 3rd World Championship Relay 2007, 1st World Championship Sprint 2009
  • Daniel Cornelius (SWE), 2nd flat share 1996, 3rd World Championship 2000, 3rd World Championship Sprint 2002
  • Viviana Druidi (ITA), 2nd World Cup 2005, 3rd season World Cup 2007
  • Marina Firosva (RUS), 2nd World Championship Sprint 2002, 2nd World Championship Sprint 2007, 2nd season World Championship 2007
  • Igor Glushkov (RUS), 2nd WC Sprint 2002, 1st WC Sprint 2005, 2nd WC 2005, 2nd WC 2005, 1st EM Sprint 2006, 3rd EM mass start 2006
  • Alfio di Gregorio (ITA), WG 1. 1993, 1. 1995, 2. 1996, 2. 1997, 1, 1998, 2. 1999, EM 1. 1997, WM 2. 2000, WM 3. 2005, WM 2. 2002, EM 1st mass start 2006, EM 2nd relay sprint 2006, 2nd WC 2007 pursuit, 3rd WC relay 2007, 1st EM relay 2008, 1st WC relay 2009
  • Dirk Grimm (D), multiple German champion, 1st EM Mountain Prologue 2003, 2nd World Cup Schmallenberg 2008
  • Thomas Gröger (D) 3rd flat share 1993, 2nd EM season 2000, 2nd EM season 2001
  • Markus Huber (D), 1st flat share Predazo Juniors 1998
  • Tatjana Jambaeva (RUS), 1st WC prologue and pursuit 2007, 2nd season WC 2007, 3rd WC mountain run 2009, 1st WC mass start 2009
  • Nicklas Johansson (SWE), 1st flat share 1994
  • Taofink Khamitov (RUS), 2nd flat share 1994
  • Isabel Klaus (D), 1. WG Juniors 1997, 1. WG 1999, 1. EM 2001, 2. WM 2002
  • Siegfried Rieckhoff (D), 1st World Championship Rotterdam Masters 2000, 1st team World Championship Rotterdam Masters 2000, with Uwe Riesen, Dietmar Kühne + Ronald Dähne
  • Julia Köckritz (D), 1st WC Sprint Juniors 2007, 2nd WC Relay Juniors 2007, 1st WC Sprint Juniors 2009, 1st WC Relay Juniors 2009
  • Ullrich Kraft (D), 1st EM 2003 Masters from 50 years
  • Verena Riesen (D) 2nd World Championship singles 2000, 3rd season 2000, 2nd EM 2001, multiple German champion https://www.tageblatt.de/home_artikel,-Rollskilauf-WM-Verena-Riesen-auf-dem-Treppchen -_arid, 312761.html
  • Staffan Larsson (SWE), 2nd flat share 1993
  • Robin Lindkvist (SWE), 2nd World Championship Sprint 2005
  • Vitaly Martsyv (UKR), 1st World Championship hunting start 2005
  • Theresa Monreal (D), / 2. Overall WC 2007 (Jun)), 1st WC relay juniors
  • Eduard Moskin (RUS), 3rd flat share 1994
  • Johann Mühlegg (D)
  • Lada Nesterenko (UKR), 3rd World Championship chase start 2005, 1st World Championship Mountain Run 2009
  • Mikael Ostberg (SWE), 3rd World Championship Sprint 2002
  • Ilka Ostermeier-Neumann (D), 2nd World Championship Sprint 2000, 1st World Championship Sprint 2002
  • Alberto Pertile (ITA), 2nd shared apartment 1998, 3rd shared flat 1999
  • Karine Philippot (FRA), 1st World Cup 2002
  • Lutz Preussler (D), 1st EM (Jun) 2003, 2nd EM (Jun) 2004
  • Uwe Riesen (D), 1st WC (total) 2002 Masters (from 50 years), 1st EM 2003 Masters (from 50 years)
  • Emanuele Sbabo (ITA), WC Sprint 3rd 2005, 1st WC Relay 2009
  • Daniel Sjodin (SWE), 1st World Championship Sprint 2002
  • Esbeth Straub (NED), 3rd World Championship Sprint 2002
  • Mattias Swahn (SWE), 3rd flat share 1995
  • Pierrel Anniek Vaxelaire (FRA), 3rd World Cup 2002
  • Elena Vedeneeva (RUS), 1st EM relay 2000, 1st WC 2005, 3rd WC sprint 2005, 1st EM mass start 2006, 3rd EM relay sprint 2006, 1st WC relay 2009, 2nd WC mountain run 2009, 3rd WC Mass start 2009
  • Jan Jacob Verdenius (NOR), 1st flat share 1996, 1st flat share 1997, 3rd flat share 1998, 1st World Cup 2000
  • Vincent Vittoz (FRA), 1st World Cup 2002
  • Tobias Westmann (SWE), 1st flat share 1999, 3rd EM relay sprint 2006, 3rd WC relay 2009
  • Harald Treude (D), 3rd World Cup season 2000, 2nd EM season 2001, multiple German champion

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ SKIING training on scooters , DER SPIEGEL 49/1955, in Spiegel Online, accessed on September 16, 2014
  2. ↑ Video 1st German Roller Ski Race , accessed on September 16, 2014
  3. ↑ Sources:

See also

Web links

Commons : Rollerski  - Collection of images, videos and audio files