Rose Schneiderman

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Rose Schneiderman (before 1920)

Rose Schneiderman (born Rachel Schneidermann April 6, 1882 in Sawin , Powiat Chełmski , Russian Empire ; died August 11, 1972 in New York City ) was an American trade unionist.

Life

Youth and family

Rachel Schneidermann attended school in Chełm from 1888 . In 1890 the Jewish family emigrated to New York, where their father died of meningitis in 1892 . The future functionary of the American Jewish Committee Harry Schneiderman (1885-1975) was a brother. At the age of 13 she had to go to work and contribute to the maintenance of the family of five.

Union activities

Civil supporters of the 20,000 textile workers' strike (1910)

At the age of 21, the only 1.37 m tall redhead organized at her workplace in a hat factory for workers to join the Jewish, socialist union “United Cloth Hat and Cap Makers 'Union” and began her career as a workers' representative. It was supported by middle-class women, including Mary Dreier and Irene Lewisohn , and their New York Women's Trade Union League (NYWTUL). For the International Ladies Garment Workers Union (ILGWU) she was an organizer of the thirteen-week strike of 20,000 New York textile workers in 1909/1910. In doing so, she called for “bread and roses” ( The woman worker needs bread, but she needs roses too ). In 1911, Schneiderman gave the speech at the commemoration ceremony at the Metropolitan Opera after the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire, which killed 146 people . Schneiderman became a member of the Socialist Party of America (SPA).

Women's rights activities

Suffragette events with Rose Schneidermann (1918)

In 1912 she took leave of absence from the WTUL and worked for the suffragette organization Equality League of Self-Supporting Women , founded by Harriot Stanton Blatch (1856-1940) in 1907 , which took care of the organization of women workers. She became a brilliant spokeswoman and therefore a leading propagandist for women's suffrage . She countered a senator's objection that women would lose their femininity at the ballot box with the rhetorical question of where women who work thirteen hours in the heat of the laundries or who stand bare-chested in the foundries because of the heat are more charming would lose. As a suffragette and radical trade unionist, she received the dirty name "Red Rose of Anarchy" from her bourgeois opponents, against which she defended herself with an indictment.

In 1915 she supported the American Woman's Peace Party and its delegation to the International Women 's Peace Congress in The Hague . After the end of the First World War, she was part of the US trade union delegation at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919 .

Social policy activities

With the British Margaret Bondfield , she organized an international conference on women's work in November 1919. Her candidacy for a Senate seat in 1920, supported by the New York State Labor Party, failed, but she made her political goals known: social housing , schools, public energy supply , consumer cooperatives , public health care , unemployment insurance .

From 1917 to 1949, Schneiderman was chairman of the New York Women's Trade Union League (NYWTUL) and from 1926 to 1950 also chairman of the American Women's Trade Union League (WTUL). In 1922, Eleanor Roosevelt joined the WTUL and Schneiderman taught her all about trade unionism . During that time, Schneiderman and Maude Schwartz also influenced the socio-political attitude of Franklin D. Roosevelt, who was ill at the time . During the Great Depression and New Deal policy , Schneiderman became a member of the Labor Advisory Board of the National Recovery Administration , which prepared the National Labor Relations Act, Social Security Act, and Fair Labor Standards Act. In the local government of New York she was from 1937 to 1943 department head for labor and pursued the topics of social security for domestic workers, equal pay for women, working conditions, trade union rights in the service professions.

Support the Zionist Movement

Schneiderman was an active supporter of the Zionist movement in the USA and promoted the settlement of the kibbutz Kfar Blum (Leon Blum Colony) in Palestine . With its funds, it provided support for the Jews who fled Europe from the German National Socialists in the 1930s to the early 1940s.

Private life

In 1949 she retired. Schneiderman had a longstanding relationship with the trade unionist Maud Swartz (1879-1937).

Fonts

  • With Lucy Goldthwaite: All for one . S. Eriksson, New York 1967

literature

  • Lemma Rose Schneiderman , in: Encyclopaedia Judaica , Volume 14, 1973, Col. 984
  • Gisela Bock : The Other Labor Movement in the USA 1905-1922. The Industrial Workers of the World . Trikont, Munich 1976, ISBN 3-88167-005-X .
  • Gary Edward Endelman: Solidarity forever, Rose Schneiderman and the Women's Trade Union League . New York: Arno Press, 1982.
  • Kathlyn Gay (Ed.): American dissidents: an encyclopedia of activists, subversives, and prisoners of conscience . Santa Barbara, California: ABC-Clio, 2012, pp. 538-542
  • June Hannam; Mitzi Auchterlonie; Katherine Holden (Ed.): International encyclopedia of women's suffrage . Santa Barbara, California: ABC-Clio, 2000, pp. 261 f.
  • Maurine Hoffman Beasley; Holly Cowan Shulman; Henry R Beasley: The Eleanor Roosevelt Encyclopedia . Greenwood Pub. Group 2001
  • Annelise Orleck: Common sense & a little fire: women and working-class politics in the United States, 1900-1965 . Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina Press 1995
  • Annelise Orleck: Rose Schneiderman , in: GJ Barker-Benfield; Catherine Clinton (Ed.): Portraits of American Women: From Settlement to the Present . New York, NY: St. Martin's Press, 1991, pp. 379-401.
  • Irving Howe : The immigrant jews of New York: 1881 to the present . London: Routledge & Kegan Paul 1976

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Rose Schneiderman , at The Eleanor Roosevelt papers
  2. ↑ Lemma Harry Schneiderman , in: Encyclopaedia Judaica , Volume 14, 1973, Col. 983-984
  3. ↑ a b Barbara M. Wertheimer: We Were There. The Story of Working Women in America . Pantheon Books, New York 1977, pp. 274ff
  4. ^ A b c Barbara M. Wertheimer: We were there: the story of working women in America . New York: Pantheon Books 1977, chapter The rise of the woman garment worker , pp. 293-317
  5. ↑ Annelise Orleck: Rose Schneiderman , Jewish Women: A Comprehensive Historical Encyclopedia
  6. ↑ The tradition is not certain, there are different time variants. James Oppenheim then published his poem Bread and Roses in a volume of poetry in 1911 . See also the chapter The "Bread and Roses" Strike: Lawrence 1912 , in: Barbara M. Wertheimer: We were there: the story of working women in America . New York: Pantheon Books 1977, pp. 357-368
  7. ↑ Rose Schneiderman: We Have Found You Wanting , speech at ilr
  8. ^ Schneiderman: All for one , quoted in Barbara M. Wertheimer: We were there: the story of working women in America . New York: Pantheon Books 1977, pp. 281f
  9. ^ GJ Barker-Benfield: Portraits of American Women: From Settlement to the Present . Oxford University Press, 1998, ISBN 978-0-19-512048-6 , p. 399.
  10. ^ In the Spotlight again , The Spartanburg Herald, October 20, 1934
  11. ↑ Lemma Rose Schneiderman , in: Encyclopaedia Judaica , Volume 14, 1973, Col. 984
  12. ↑ Milton Derber: Labor and the New Deal . Madison, University of Wisconsin Press, 1957, p. 179
  13. ↑ Maud Swartz , at womenshistory
personal data
SURNAME Schneiderman, Rose
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Schneidermann, Rachel (maiden name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION American trade unionist
DATE OF BIRTH April 6, 1882
PLACE OF BIRTH Sawin , Powiat Chełmski , Russian Empire
DATE OF DEATH August 11, 1972
Place of death New York City