Rostislav Kaischew

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Kaischew (1964)

Rostislav Kaischew ( bulg. Ростислав Каишев * February 16 . Jul / 29. February  1908 greg. In St. Petersburg ; † 19th November 2002 in Sofia ) was a Bulgarian physical chemist .

Kaischew is one of the founders of the physico-chemical theory of phase formation , nucleation ( nucleation ) and crystal growth . Kaischew was Vice President of the International Union for Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP) and from 1962 to 1968 Vice President of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences .

Life

Kaischew (1939)

Kaischew was born the son of a Bulgarian general at the Imperial General Staff Academy in Saint Petersburg. In 1930 Rostislaw Kaischew completed his studies in chemistry at the University of Sofia , where he studied under the professor of physical chemistry Iwan Stranski . Kaischew received his doctorate from the thermodynamicist Franz Eugen Simon at the University of Breslau with a thesis on the thermodynamic properties of liquid and solid helium . In 1932 he went back to Sofia University as an assistant in the Department of Physical Chemistry. In 1934 Kaischew was again in Germany, this time with a grant from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation . In 1941 Kaischew received a position as a lecturer at the University of Sofia, in 1947 he became professor of physical chemistry and in 1958 director of the Institute for Physical Chemistry of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, which he founded . In 1989 he retired .

Act

The Bulgarian School of Physical Chemistry 1970

Kaischew brought about a convergence of the thermodynamic and the molecular kinetic approach in the treatment of crystal growth and nucleation .

Kaischew was predominantly theoretician, but sought a close connection to the experiment. He published his first work with Iwan Stranski , a pioneer in crystal growth research. After Stranski had published fundamental work on the atomic theory of the equilibrium and growth forms of ion crystals in 1927 (independently about the same time Walther Kossel ), Stranski and Kaischew then devoted themselves to homeopolar crystals. In 1934 they both developed a unified molecular kinetic theory for equilibrium forms and nucleation in two and three dimensions. They also pioneered the kinetic theory of crystal formation from vapors and bubbles in superheated liquids. From 1939 he also dealt with the microscopic theory of the growth of small crystals on surfaces (roughness) and from the early 1950s on the growth of crystals on foreign substrates (such as the formation of thin films). He investigated the influence of adsorbed foreign substances on nucleation, nucleation in small liquid droplets and the formation of small clusters.

Further fundamental work dealt with the theory and experimental investigation of the crystallization (growth and nucleation) of metals during electrolysis (electrocrystallization). In the 1950s, his group also made the first film recordings of the formation of growth spirals of silver during electrolysis.

Kaischew is one of the founders of a Bulgarian school for physical chemistry . Five other members of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences and more than 20 professors emerged from it.

Awards (selection)

Kaischew was also a member of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences and the Saxon Academy of Sciences .

The Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences today bears Kaischew's name.

literature

  • G. Bliznakov: Laudation Professor Rostislaw Kaischew. In: Kristall und Technik 1978. Volume 13, Issue 6, pp. 607-610 doi: 10.1002 / crat.19780130602
  • Ivan S. Gutzow: Professor Dr. Rostislav Kaischew: A Tribute on the Occasion of his Eighty Fifth Anniversary. In: Crystal Research and Technology 1993. Volume 28, No. 8, pp. 1043-1044 doi: 10.1002 / crat.2170280802
  • B. Mutaftschiev: Rostislaw Kaischew 1908-2002. In: Journal of Crystal Growth. 2003. Issue 249, pp. V-VI doi: 10.1016 / S0022-0248 (02) 02442-9
  • Christo N. Nanev: In Memoriam: Professor Dr. Rostislav A. Kaischew (1908-2002), member of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. In: Crystal Research and Technology. January 2003. Volume 38, Issue 1, pp. 5-6 doi: 10.1002 / crat.200290018

Web links

Commons : Rostislaw Kaischew  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Алманах на българските хумболтианци (Almanac of the Bulgarian Humboldtians.) Edited by Dimo ​​Platikanov, Ilza Pajeva and Lora Taseva, Sofia 2011, ISBN 978-954-92223-3-3 , pp. 118–119.
  2. ↑ Werner Hartkopf: The Berlin Academy of Sciences. 1992 in the google book search
  3. ^ Member entry by Rostislaw Kaischew at the German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina , accessed on October 4, 2012.
  4. ^ Cothenius Medal of the Leopoldina (leopoldina.org); Retrieved October 4, 2012
  5. ^ Rostislaw Kaischew Institute of Physical Chemistry at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (bas.bg); Retrieved October 4, 2012
personal data
SURNAME Kaischew, Rostislav
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Каишев, Ростислав; Kajšev, Rostislav
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Bulgarian physical chemist
DATE OF BIRTH February 29, 1908
PLACE OF BIRTH St. Petersburg
DATE OF DEATH November 19, 2002
Place of death Sofia