Rudolf Schwarz (resistance fighter)

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Front page of No. 1 of the newspaper "Die Junge Garde" (November 27, 1918)
Memorial stone, Königstrasse, in Berlin-Wannsee

Rudolf (Rudi) Schwarz (born March 3, 1904 in Berlin ; † February 1, 1934 in Berlin) was a German KPD functionary and resistance fighter against National Socialism .

Life

Rudolf Schwarz's grave has been in the Socialist Memorial in Berlin-Friedrichsfelde since 1954 .

After an apprenticeship as a locksmith , Rudolf Schwarz joined the Communist Youth of Germany in 1921 and a short time later the Communist Party of Germany (KPD) . From 1922 he led a youth group in Prenzlauer Berg . From 1924 to 1928 Schwarz worked as an editor for the newspaper Junge Garde . From 1927 he was head of the Red Young Front in Berlin and Brandenburg.

From 1929, Schwarz was an employee of the Central Committee of the KPD and became head of the Reichswehr , a department of the KPD's conspiratorial military-political apparatus . This led to a sentence of eight months in a fortress in 1930 . In February 1933 he was actively involved in the reorganization of the KPD for the conditions of illegality. His close cooperation with KPD chairman John Schehr and his work as head of defense in the KPD's military-political apparatus (from mid-1933) led to his arrest at the end of 1933. Schwarz was imprisoned in the Gestapo prison at Columbia-Haus , which later became the Columbia concentration camp , imprisoned and severely mistreated during interrogation. In February 1934 he was shot by the Gestapo together with Schehr and the communists Eugen Schönhaar and Erich Steinfurth at the Schäferberg in Berlin after the Gestapo spy Alfred Kattner was shot on February 1st on behalf of the KPD. Police commissioner Bruno Sattler was responsible for carrying out the murder .

Honors

In his 1951 book The First Row in the GDR , the well-known GDR writer Stephan Hermlin describes "Stories of the resistance in the Nazi era based on the lives of young people who lost their lives in the fight against fascism" (blurb) and also portrays Rudolf Black as a resistance fighter. The book provided the template for the GDR television film The First Series, produced by DEFA and shown in 1987 . Images from the Berlin resistance ; the person of Rudolf Schwarz was portrayed in it by the well-known GDR actor Ulrich Mühe .

In 1954 his remains were reburied and buried in the memorial of the socialists in Berlin's central cemetery in Friedrichsfelde . His grave is on the curtain wall of the memorial, which was restored after the war and inaugurated in 1951.

In the Berlin district of Prenzlauer Berg, Ermländische Strasse was renamed Rudolf-Schwarz-Strasse on September 4, 1974. In addition, a plaque in his memory was placed on his former home at Varnhagenstrasse 24 in 1975 .

A feeder trawler with the fishing identification number ROS 418 of the "Artur Becker" series also got its name.

The youth hostel in Opperode near Ballenstedt was named after him.

The 36th Polytechnic High School in Prenzlauer Berg was named after him.

On the Kilometerberg there is a memorial stone for Rudolf Schwarz and the other resistance fighters who were "shot while trying to escape" here in 1934. Commemorative events for the four resistance fighters have been held there since 1954.

literature

Web links

Commons : Rudolf Schwarz  - Collection of Images

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Bernd Kaufmann u. a .: The KPD's intelligence service 1919–1937. Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1993, ISBN 978-3-320-01817-7 , p. 205.
  2. ↑ Bernd Kaufmann u. a .: The KPD's intelligence service 1919–1937. Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1993, ISBN 978-3-320-01817-7 , p. 289.
  3. ↑ Ronald Sassning : Thälmann, Wehner, Kattner, Miele. Difficult truths . In: Utopie Kreativ , issue 114, April 2000, pp. 362–375 ( PDF file; 112 kB)
  4. ↑ John Schehr and comrades. A Murder, a Myth and the Consequences ( Memento from March 4, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Feature on MDR Figaro from March 2, 2013
  5. ↑ The first row - pictures from the Berlin resistance. In: filmportal.de . German Film Institute , accessed on October 6, 2016 .
  6. ^ Memorial of the Socialists ( Memento from July 4th 2013 in the Internet Archive ) on the website of the Berlin Upper School Center for Economics and Administration
  7. ^ Rudolf-Schwarz-Strasse. In: Street name lexicon of the Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein (near  Kaupert )
  8. ^ New Germany of February 2, 1954
personal data
SURNAME Black, Rudolf
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Black, Rudi
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German KPD functionary, resistance fighter against the Nazi regime
DATE OF BIRTH March 3, 1904
PLACE OF BIRTH Berlin
DATE OF DEATH February 1, 1934
Place of death Berlin