Rounding (phonetics)

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Vowels
front   central   back  closed ​i​  •  y​​ ​ɨ​  •  ʉ​​ ​ɯ​  •  u​​ ​ɪ​  •  ʏ​​ ​ʊ​ ​e​  •  ø​​ ​ɘ​  •  ɵ​​ ​ɤ​  •  o​​ ​ə​ ​ɛ​  •  œ​​ ​ɜ​  •  ɞ​​ ​ʌ​  •  ɔ​​ ​æ​ ​ɐ​ ​a​  •  ɶ​​ ​ɑ​  •  ɒ​​  almost closed  half closed  medium  half open  almost open  open
For pairs of symbols (u • g) the left symbol stands for the unrounded vowel, the right symbol for the rounded vowel.

IPA mark	◌̹
IPA number	411
IPA character description	below left open semicircle
Unicode	U + 0339
HTML (dec.)	& # 825;
X-SAMPA	_O
Kirshenbaum

IPA mark	◌̜
IPA number	412
IPA character description	lower right open semicircle
Unicode	U + 031C
HTML (dec.)	& # 796;
X-SAMPA	_c
Kirshenbaum

In phonetics , rounding refers to the strength of the rounding of the lips during the articulation of a vowel . This is a vocal labialization . The opposite of the rounding is the spread . When a rounded vowel is pronounced, the lips form a circular opening, while unrounded vowels are pronounced with relaxed lips.

In most languages, leading vowels tend to be splayed and trailing ones to be rounded. But some languages ​​such as German and French differentiate between rounded and spread front tongue vowels of the same vowel height (e.g. [ɛ] and [œ] in know and can ) and Vietnamese distinguishes between rounded and spread back tongue vowels .

Rounded consonants are called labialized .

In the vocal Table of International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), the rounded vowels of each pair on the right side. There are also two diacritics to indicate a stronger and weaker rounding, namely the IPA characters 412 ( Unicode COMBINING RIGHT HALF RING BELOW U + 0339) for stronger rounding and 413 (Unicode COMBINING LEFT HALF RING BELOW U + 031C) for weaker ones Rounding, e.g. B. [ɔ̹] and [ɔ̜] for the sound [ɔ]. The diacritics are sometimes used with consonants for the degree of labialization. For example, in the Athapaskan language Hupa , voiceless velar fricatives are distinguished between three levels of labialization, transcribed either as [x x̹ xʷ] or [x x̜ʷ xʷ]. The extended IPA has two additional symbols for the degree of rounding: [ə͍] and [ʒ ^œ ].

See also

• Delabialization (rounding)

literature

• Hadumod Bußmann (Ed.): Lexicon of Linguistics. 3. Edition. Kröner, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-520-45203-0 , p. 385.
• Helmut Glück (Ed.), With the collaboration of Friederike Schmöe : Metzler Lexikon Sprache. 3rd, revised edition. Metzler, Stuttgart / Weimar 2005, ISBN 3-476-02056-8 , p. 382.
• T. Alan Hall: Phonology. An introduction. 2nd edition de Gruyter, Berlin & New York 2011, ISBN 978-3-11-021587-8 , p. 23.
• Bernd Pompino-Marschall: Introduction to Phonetics. 3rd edition de Gruyter, Berlin 2009, ISBN 978-3-11-022480-1 , p. 221.

Web links

Wiktionary: rounding  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations