Red-stalked mature deaf

Red-stalked mature deaf
	Red-stemmed ripe deafblings ( Russula lilacea )
Systematics
Class :	Agaricomycetes
Subclass :	insecure position (incertae sedis)
Order :	Russulales (Russulales)
Family :	Deaf relatives (Russulaceae)
Genre :	Russulas ( Russula )
Type :	Red-stalked mature deaf
Scientific name
	Russula lilacea
	Quél.

The rare red-stemmed or red ripe-deaf ( Russula lilacea ) is a mushroom from the family of the deaf relatives . The small, fragile Bluebird has a purple-violet to flesh-red hat and white lamellas. Its meat tastes mild and its spore powder is white. The rare Täubling occurs in deciduous forests in various deciduous trees. Its fruiting bodies appear from late June to September.

features

Macroscopic features

The hat is 3–5 cm wide, in exceptional cases up to 7 cm wide. It is crumbly, cloudy flesh-colored to lavender or reddish brown, in the middle it is often pale brownish-yellow or yellowish. Sometimes it also has a copper-colored tint or, in rare cases, the hat also fades olive to greenish. The edge is slightly grooved radially and matt grainy. The hat skin becomes greasy in damp weather, when dry it is matt-grainy, almost velvety and widely removable.

The slats are white or cream-colored and are not very crowded. The spore powder is whitish ( Ia-Ib after Romagnesi ).

The stem is 4–6 cm long and 0.7–1 cm wide, it is soft, fragile and easy to squeeze. The stem is either tinged with white or pink, and sometimes only the base is tinged with pink to rhubarb red. Young fruiting bodies usually have floury, frosted stems that can also look flaky honeycomb under a magnifying glass. The meat is white to yellowish and tastes mild. It has no particular smell or taste.

The guaiac reaction is slow, and the meat turns bluish green. With iron sulfate, the meat turns pale pink. The reaction with sulfovanillin is indistinct or negative.

Microscopic features

Spores broadly ellipsoidal 7-8x6-7 µm with isolated, prickly warts with only a few line-shaped connections. The basidia are 32–48 µm wide and 8.5–13 µm wide and have 4 sterigms . The pleurocystids are 50–60 µm long and 6.7–10 µm wide, thin-walled (<2 µm) and are only weakly stained with sulfovanillin. The tip is usually rounded. Cap skin with long, 4-6 µm wide, large incrusted primordial hyphae . Vacuole pigments are present, but no membrane pigments.

ecology

Like all Bluebones, the Red-stemmed Ripe Bluebird is a mycorrhizal fungus that can partner with various deciduous trees. As hosts, oak and red beech , but also hornbeam and hazelnut come into question. In neighboring countries, the Täubling also forms a symbiosis with maple , ash and linden . It is primarily a type of shady beech, hornbeam and mixed oak forests, but can also be found on forest paths, clearings and in parks. The fungus likes fresh to moderately moist, neutral to alkaline, sometimes superficial, acidic, sandy-loamy or clay, compacted and poorly aerated soils, such as brown loam rendzines , terra fusca , pelosols , brown and parabrown soils over limestone, marl and base-rich primary rock. The fruiting bodies appear from late July to September and rarely earlier. The Täubling occurs preferentially in the hills and in the lower mountains.

distribution

European countries with evidence of finding of the red-stemmed frost-bladed horn.
Legend:

Countries with found reports

Countries without evidence

no data

non-European countries

The Red Ripe Täubling is a Holarctic species, the distribution area of which extends over three climate zones, from the meridional zone with a Mediterranean climate to the boreal zone with the cold, temperate climate of the northern coniferous forests. The deafbling occurs in North Asia (Caucasus, Russia-Far East, Korea, Japan), in North Africa (Morocco and Algeria), North America (USA) and in Europe.

In Germany, the fungus is very rare in the lowlands and is largely absent. It can be found very scattered in the hill country and in the lower mountain country. In the red list it is listed in the hazard category RL2.

Systematics

Inquiry systematics

The red frost pigeon is classified in the subsection Lilaceinae within the section Lilaceae . The subsection contains small, fragile species, with different colored hats. They taste mild and have white spore powder.

Subspecies and varieties

Table of the varieties of the hard cinnabar blubber
variety	author	description
**Russula lilacea f. flavoviridis**	Romagn.	Form with a greenish hat.
**Russula lilacea var. Retispora**	Sing.	Very burr spores (8-9 (10) × 6-6.5 (7) µm), some of which are connected in a network. Similar to the type species, but hat is often slimmer, 2–3 cm in diameter, hat skin is frosted with more varied colors (similar to the alternating colored Spei-Täubling). Stem and lamellas whitish or vaguely graying with very fragile flesh
**Russula lilacea var. Carnicolor**	Bres.	Hat color more variable, more pink, flesh-colored mixed with olive-colored tones similar to Der Fleischrote Speisetäubling. Hat, lamellas and stem are like the type. The guaiac reaction is negative. The spores have more isolated standing warts or are more punctured than in the type.
**Russula lilacea var. Pseudolilacea**	( J.Blum ) Bon	Polychrome (multicolored) hat that is sometimes zoned, like the humpback bling. Very similar to the type but with thornier spurs.

literature

Russula lilacea. In: H. Romagnesi: Les Russules d'Europe et d'Afrique du Nord. 1967 under cbs.knaw.nl (French)

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b Marcel Bon (ed.): Parey's book of mushrooms . Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-09970-9 , p. 60 .
^ ^A ^b ^c ^d ^e German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 , p. 482.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Russula lilacea. (PDF (1.4 MB)) Monographic Key to European Russulas (1988). In: The Russulales website w3.uwyo.edu. P. 87 , archived from the original on July 28, 2010 ; Retrieved August 20, 2011 (English, translation by M. Bon's Russula key).
↑ ^a ^b Russula lilacea at cbs.knaw.nl (English).
↑ Cvetomir M. Denchev, Boris Assyov: Checklist of the larger basidiomycetes in Bulgaria . In: Mycotaxon . tape 111 , 2010, ISSN 0093-4666 , p. 279–282 ( mycotaxon.com [PDF; 592 kB ; accessed on August 31, 2011]).
↑ Z. Tkalcec, A. Mesic: Preliminary checklist of Agaricales from Croatia V :. Families Crepidotaceae, Russulaceae and Strophariaceae. (No longer available online.) In: Mycotaxon 88 / cybertruffle.org.uk. 2003, p. 293 , archived from the original on September 24, 2015 ; Retrieved August 22, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2
^ Estonian eBiodiversity Species description Russula lilacea. In: elurikkus.ut.ee. Archived from the original on February 13, 2013 ; accessed on June 13, 2012 .
↑ Pertti Salo, Tuomo Niemelä, Ulla Nummela-Salo: SY769 Suomen helttasienten ja tattien ekologia, levinneisyys ja uhanalaisuus . (Finnish lamellar and tube mushrooms: ecology, distribution and threat status). Ed .: Esteri Ohenoja. 2005, ISBN 952-11-1997-7 (Finnish, handle.net/10138/40619 ).
↑ Worldwide distribution of Russula lilacea. (No longer available online.) In: data.gbif.org. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; Retrieved August 21, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2
↑ ^a ^b Russula lilacea in the PilzOek database. In: pilzoek.de. Retrieved August 21, 2011 .
^ TV Andrianova et al .: Russula lilacea. Fungi of Ukraine. (No longer available online.) In: cybertruffle.org.uk. 2006, archived from the original on November 27, 2015 ; accessed on May 3, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2