White-stemmed leather blubber

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White-stemmed leather blubber
The white-stemmed leather deafblings (Russula romellii)

The white-stemmed leather deafblings ( Russula romellii )

Systematics
Class : Agaricomycetes
Subclass : insecure position (incertae sedis)
Order : Russulales (Russulales)
Family : Deaf relatives (Russulaceae)
Genre : Russulas ( Russula )
Type : White-stemmed leather blubber
Scientific name
Russula romellii
Maire

The white-stemmed leather deafness ( Russula romellii ) is a fungus from the family of the deaf relatives . Other names for this mushroom are: Red and White Täubling , Lila Leder-Täubling or Romell's Leder-Täubling .

This large and firm-fleshed Täubling is one of the most variable Täubling. The hat can be colored wine-red, brown-red, greenish or yellowish. Its thick, white stem, the ocher to yolk yellow lamellae when ripe and the mild nutty taste are typical. The not too common Täubling can be found mostly in beech or mixed beech forests.

features

Macroscopic features

The hat is 6-15 cm wide and quite fleshy. It flattens out quickly and is clearly depressed later. The edge is long curved and smooth, only with age it is also ridged with bumps. The hat color is very variable, often the hat is quite colorful or marbled, but sometimes also monochrome. Mostly wine-red to purple tones predominate, but the hat can also be flesh pink, brown-red, olive, ocher, rusty speckled or more or entirely greenish, leather-yellow or cream-colored. It is often purple to wine-red with a yellowish, cream-colored center. In contrast, it is rarely uniformly green or olive green. The more or less greasy, shiny skin of the hat can easily be peeled off up to a third or more.

The distant, blunt and often thick lamellae are brittle and easily splinter. They are free at the base of the stem and more or less forked, but only mixed in with very few shorter lamellets . Sometimes they are also connected crosswise. The lamellae are initially cream-colored, then a rich ocher to yolk yellow. The cutting edges are rarely reddish. The spore powder is dark to yolk yellow ( IVcd according to Romagnesi ).

The club-shaped, white, 5–10 cm long and 1.5–3 (–4) cm wide stem is almost never tinged with reddish or pink. It is quite thick, partly puffed up, initially hard, but soon spongy and finally hollow.

The mild, white, non-discoloring flesh is delicate lemon yellow under the hat skin. It is quite firm, almost hard and later crumbly and without a noticeable, at most slightly fruity odor. The taste is mild and slightly nutty. The meat reacts slowly and weakly with guaiac and reddish to orange with iron sulfate. The phenol reaction is normal.

Microscopic features

The elliptical spores are 7–9 (–10) µm long and 6–7 µm wide. They are covered with blunt, but also almost thorny or prickly, 0.6–0.7 µm high warts, which are completely or partially networked. Sometimes they are covered with longer, up to 1.25 µm long, conical and more or less pointed spines or with thorny to branched ridges, which are networked with one another via fine lines. The apiculus measures 1.5–2 × 1–1.5 µm. The hilly spot is 3–4 µm in size and more or less rounded. Sometimes it is only slightly demarcated, but clearly amyloid.

The basidia 38–55 (–62) µm long and 9.5–13 µm wide. The cystidia are 70–90 (100) µm long and 10–13 (–16) µm wide and are not very conspicuous. They are cylindrical, blunt or pointed, often more or less bulbous and sometimes also appendiculated. With sulfovanillin they only react slightly grayishly. The hyphal end cells in the cap skin are 1–3.5 µm wide and narrow towards the tip and partly branched. The not too numerous Pileocystiden are cylindrical to clubbed, 6–8 µm wide and 0–2 septate. They only react weakly with sulfovanillin and are not acid-proof. The pigments are in vacuoles as violet to olive-colored granules.

In Mediostratum come loose scattered about 35 microns wide Spherozysten ago. The stalk bark contains some very slender laticifera and some dermatocystidia that resemble those in the epicutis. There are no laticifera in the rest of the tissue .

Species delimitation

Red-brown colored specimens in particular can easily be confused with the Brown Leather Täubling , which looks very similar in appearance, but usually occurs in coniferous forests. Also very similar are the very rare blood-red leather deafblings ( Russula rubroalba ) and the also rare hornbeam deafblings ( Russula carpini ).

ecology

The white-stemmed leather deafblings are like all deafblings a mycorrhizal fungus that can enter into a symbiosis with various deciduous trees. Its most important mycorrhizal partner is the common beech . In rare cases, however, it can also enter into a symbiosis with other deciduous trees such as hornbeams and oaks .

The Täubling is found mainly in beech and mixed beech forests , but also, albeit less often, in hornbeam and oak forests . Here, too, it usually appears under strewn beeches.

The Täubling likes fresh to ooze-damp, sandy-loamy and slightly acidic to alkaline soils. It occurs on sand, brown earth and silicate or limestone soils. The fruiting bodies appear between May and October with a maximum in July. The Täubling prefers the hills and mountains.

distribution

European countries with found records of the white-stemmed leather blubber.
Legend:
  • Countries with found reports
  • Countries without evidence
  • no data
  • non-European countries

    • The white-stemmed leather blotch is a species that is native to the meridional to temperate climate zone. The deafbling occurs in North Africa (Morocco, Algeria), North America (USA) and Europe.

    The Täubling is not very common in Germany. It is somewhat more common on limestone soils, less common or absent on acidic soils. On the red list for large mushrooms in Germany, it is listed in hazard category RL 3.

    Systematics

    Inquiry systematics

    Subspecies and varieties

    Russula romellii f. Alba A. Marchand ex Bon (1986)

    • Strongly resembles the type, but is usually a bit larger and more robust and has a pale, dirty white hat color, especially in dry weather. When wet, the hat is colored more beige, beige-brown or cream-beige.

    meaning

    The white-stemmed leather blubber is edible and is considered a good edible mushroom.

    literature

    • Russula romellii. In: Russula database. CBS Fungal Biodiversity Center, accessed March 31, 2011 .
    • H. Romagnesi: Russula romellii. In: Les Russules d'Europe et d'Afrique du Nord (1967). MycoBank, the Fungal website, accessed March 31, 2011 (French).

    Individual evidence

    1. ↑ Marcel Bon (ed.): Parey's book of mushrooms . Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-09970-9 , p. 66 .
    2. ^ A b c d German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 , p. 501.
    3. ^ Monographic Key to European Russulas (1988). (PDF; 1.4 MB) In: English translation by M. Bons Russula key :. The Russulales Website, p. 69 , archived from the original on July 28, 2010 ; accessed on March 31, 2011 .
    4. ↑ a b Russula romellii in the PilzOek database. In: pilzoek.de. Retrieved August 21, 2011 .
    5. ↑ Z. Tkalcec, A. Mešic: Preliminary checklist of Agaricales from Croatia V: Families Crepidotaceae, Russulaceae and Strophariaceae . In: Mycotaxon . tape 88 , 2003, ISSN  0093-4666 , p. 295 ( online [accessed August 31, 2011]). online ( Memento from December 24, 2012 in the web archive archive.today )
    6. ^ Estonian eBiodiversity Species description Russula romellii. In: elurikkus.ut.ee. Retrieved June 13, 2012 .
    7. ↑ http://data.gbif.org/search/Russula romellii (link not available)
    8. ^ Z. Athanassiou, I. Theochari: Compléments à l'inventaire des Basidiomycètes de Grèce . In: Mycotaxon . Vol: 79, 2001, pp. 401-415 ( online ). online ( Memento from December 5, 2012 in the web archive archive.today )
    9. ↑ Grid map of Russula romellii. ( Memento from December 24, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ) NBN Gateway / data.nbn.org.uk (English)
    10. ^ NMV Verspreidingsatlas online: Russula romellii. In: verspreidingsatlas.nl. Retrieved September 29, 2012 .
    11. ↑ Distribution atlas of mushrooms in Switzerland. In: wsl.ch. Federal Research Institute for Forests, Snow and Landscape WSL, archived from the original on September 14, 2010 ; Retrieved September 29, 2012 .

    Web links

    Commons : Weißstieliger Leder-Täubling ( Russula romellii )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files