Sun blubber

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Sun blubber
Russula solaris.JPG

Sun deaf ( Russula solaris )

Systematics
Class : Agaricomycetes
Subclass : insecure position (incertae sedis)
Order : Russulales (Russulales)
Family : Deaf relatives (Russulaceae)
Genre : Russulas ( Russula )
Type : Sun blubber
Scientific name
Russula solaris
Ferd. & Winge

The sun deafness ( Russula solaris ) is a fungus from the family of deaf relatives . This rare species is sometimes found in beech forests . The yellow hat, the pungent taste and the ocher-colored spore powder together form a combination of characteristics that is unique within the European species of deafness.

features

Macroscopic features

The sun blotch is an extremely fragile, small and dainty mushroom with a rich yellow 3–5 cm wide hat. This is hemispherical when young, then convex and soon deepened. It is often bent and thin-fleshed. The edge of the hat is broadly grooved with age. The middle is much darker and often colored golden yellow or tinted slightly orange. The edge is lighter and often pale almost whitish or pale straw yellow. The hat skin is wet and greasy, dry dull and peelable up to half or more. The lamellae are pale for a long time, then straw-yellow. They are moderately dense and have a clear cross-veining. The spore powder is off-white.

The pure white stem is 2–5 cm long and 1–2 cm wide. It is slightly club-shaped and can be easily squeezed. In old age the stem is often hollow. The meat tastes hot, especially in the lamellas, and is very tender. It smells aromatic like vinegar or mustard sauce, very similar to that of the gall bladder .

Microscopic features

The spores are elliptical to almost spherical, 7–9 µm long and 5.5–7, sometimes up to 7.5 µm wide. The Q value (quotient of spore length and width) is 1.1–1.3. The spore ornament consists of thorny, almost isolated, 0.5–1.2 µm high warts, some of which are somewhat elongated and sometimes also somewhat connected to one another in places.

The 4-spore basidia are 30–53 μm long and 8.5–10, rarely up to 12 μm wide. They have four sterigms 3–10 μm long . The pleurocystids are 42–85 µm long and 6.5–12 µm wide. They are bulbous or cylindrical-club-shaped and mostly blunt at the top. The 35–65 µm long and 7–9 µm wide cheilocystidia are more or less spindle-shaped and often have a small process at their tip. All cystids are numerous and stain blue with sulfovanillin and gray-black with sulfobenzaldehyde.

The hat skin ( Pileipellis ) consists of cylindrical, more or less convoluted and narrowed at its tip, 2–3.5 µm wide hyphae . They are sparsely septate and often branched one to two times. Between the hair-like hyphae there are cylindrical, serpentine to weakly club-shaped, 2–5-fold septate and 3–7 µm wide pileocystids , which turn gray-black with sulfobenzaldehyde.

Species delimitation

The most likely to be confused with the pale-leaved Chamaeleontinae forms such as the yellow hazel blubber ( Russula acetolens ) or the pale yellow blubber ( Russula raoultii ).

However, like the other representatives of the subsection Chamaeleotinae, the yellow hazel blubber has mild meat. The pale yellow blubber is also sharp, but has an almost uniform creamy yellow hat without a particularly darker tinted center. The color of the spore powder also differs between the two species of the sun deafness: the pale yellow Chamaeleotinae forms have a rich ocher yellow spore powder, while the pale yellow deafness is pure white.

ecology

The sun deaf, like all deaf, is a mycorrhizal fungus that mainly forms a symbiosis with beech . More rarely, oaks or other deciduous trees can also serve as hosts.

The Täubling occurs in beech and mixed beech forests: such as woodruff , barley , orchid or sedge or hornbeam beech forests , which are preferably in the climax stage . But it is also found in hornbeam oak forests such as the star chickweed oak hornbeam forest and in warm, subcontinental dry oak forests . The fungus likes fresh to moderately moist, slightly acidic to slightly alkaline, base-rich, but nutrient-poor soils. It is usually found on medium-sized brown clay tendzines , brown and parabrown soils , sand and alluvial clay .

The fruiting bodies often appear in grassy areas from July to October, the fungus rising from the lowlands to the middle mountainous region, rarely higher.

distribution

European countries with evidence of finding of the sun deafblings.
Legend:
  • Countries with found reports
  • Countries without evidence
  • no data
  • non-European countries

    • The Sonnen-Täubling is a European temperate species that is quite rare not only in Germany. The species shows a western Mediterranean to sub-oceanic distribution tendency .

    Systematics

    The sun deaf is placed by M. Bon in the subsection Citrinae , which in turn is within the section Russula . The representatives of this subsection have yellow to more or less orange, sometimes greenish lemon-yellow hats. The spore powder is white to yellowish. All mushrooms in this subsection have a hot taste. More recent molecular phylogenetic studies show, however, that the representatives of the subsection are hardly related to one another. The sun deafness is much more related to deafnesses from the Tenellae section , especially with representatives from the Laricinae subsection .

    meaning

    Because of its pungent taste, the sun-deafness is inedible and possibly slightly poisonous (see also deafness rule ).

    literature

    Individual evidence

    1. ^ A b c d German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 , p. 554.
    2. ↑ Monographic key of the russules of Europe ( Memento of July 28, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) under The Russulales Website ( Memento of the original of May 11, 2005 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / w3.uwyo.edu
    3. ↑ Russula solaris , at www.cbs.knaw.nl (Engl.)
    4. ↑ a b Josef Breitenbach, Fred Kränzlin (ed.): Pilze der Schweiz. Contribution to knowledge of the fungal flora in Switzerland. Volume 6: Russulaceae. Milklings, deafblings. Mykologia, Luzern 2005, ISBN 3-85604-060-9 , p. 201.
    5. ↑ Species description by Russula mairei In: Singer: Monograph of the genus Russula ; published in supplements to the Botanisches Centralblatt , editor A. Pascher (1932) p. 315 and p. 316
    6. ↑ a b Russula solaris in the PilzOek database. In: pilzoek.de. Retrieved August 21, 2011 .
    7. ↑ Basidiomycota Checklist-Online - Russula solaris. In: basidiochecklist.info. Retrieved October 6, 2012 .
    8. ↑ Belgian Species List 2012 - Russula solaris. In: species.be. Retrieved June 7, 2012 .
    9. ↑ Cvetomir M. Denchev & Boris Assyov: Checklist of the larger basidiomycetes in Bulgaria . In: Mycotaxon . tape 111 , 2010, ISSN  0093-4666 , p. 279–282 ( online [PDF; 592 kB ; accessed on August 31, 2011]).
    10. ↑ Z. Tkalcec & A. Mesic: Preliminary checklist of Agaricales from Croatia V: . Families Crepidotaceae, Russulaceae and Strophariaceae. In: Mycotaxon . tape 88 , 2003, ISSN  0093-4666 , p. 296 ( online [accessed August 31, 2011]). online ( Memento of the original from September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.cybertruffle.org.uk
    11. ^ Estonian eBiodiversity Species description Russula solaris. In: elurikkus.ut.ee. Retrieved June 13, 2012 .
    12. ↑ Pertti Salo, Tuomo Niemelä, Ulla Nummela-Salo: SY769 Suomen helttasienten ja tattien ekologia, levinneisyys ja uhanalaisuus . (Finnish lamellar and tube mushrooms: ecology, distribution and threat status). Ed .: Esteri Ohenoja. 2005, ISBN 952-11-1997-7 (Finnish, ymparisto.fi [PDF]).
    13. ↑ Worldwide distribution of Russula solaris. (No longer available online.) In: data.gbif.org. Archived from the original on February 3, 2014 ; Retrieved August 21, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / data.gbif.org
    14. ^ Petkovski S .: National Catalog (Check List) of Species of the Republic of Macedonia . Skopje 2009.
    15. ↑ Gordana Kasom & Mitko Karadelev: Survey of the family Russulaceae (Agaricomycetes, Fungi) in Montenegro . In: Warsaw Versita (ed.): Acta Botanica Croatica . tape 71 , no. (2) , 2012, ISSN  0365-0588 , p. 1–14 ( online [PDF]). online ( Memento of the original from April 27, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / versita.metapress.com

    Web links

    Commons : Sonnen-Täubling ( Russula solaris )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files