Sharp glossy blubber

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Sharp glossy blubber
Sharp glossy deafblings (Russula firmula)

Sharp glossy deafblings ( Russula firmula )

Systematics
Class : Agaricomycetes
Subclass : insecure position (incertae sedis)
Order : Russulales (Russulales)
Family : Deaf relatives (Russulaceae)
Genre : Russulas ( Russula )
Type : Sharp glossy blubber
Scientific name
Russula firmula
Jul.Schäff.

The Sharp Glossy Täubling ( Russula firmula , Syn .: Russula transiens ) is a fungus from the family of Täubling relatives . It has a very variable colored hat, tastes very hot and has one of the darkest spore powders among all European species of deaf. Its fruity smell, which is somewhat reminiscent of grated geranium leaves, is typical. It is often difficult to differentiate from closely related species. In addition, the type is interpreted differently by different authors.

features

Macroscopic features

The elastic hat is 3–6 (–8) cm wide, initially concave and later flattened. The hat skin (Pileipellis) is smooth, moderately shiny and only young and slightly smeary when wet, otherwise rather dull. The very variably colored hat is predominantly brown-purple in color. The spectrum ranges from wine-red-violet to bluish-gray and flesh-red to copper-red. The middle is usually darker and often olive brown in color. The edge is blunt and smooth for a long time, only with age it can also be briefly grooved.

The 4–6 mm high lamellae are sometimes forked, free or attached to the stem. They are pale cream colored when young and later turn ocher to golden yellow. Often they also have an orange tint. The spore powder is colored yolk yellow ( IVde after Romagnesi ).

The pure white stem is 2-4 (-6) cm long and 0.7-1.1 (-1.5) wide. At the base it can also be slightly ocher-yellow or rusty. It is seldom a bit grayish in old age. The initially full stem becomes partially hollow with age. It is almost club-like or more or less bulbous in shape and sometimes slightly deformed or wrinkled.

The flesh is white to slightly yellow and stays firm for a long time. The taste is slow but noticeably sharp to very sharp, but the sharpness soon fades. Old and wilted specimens can also lose their sharpness entirely. The smell is strong and pleasant. The meat smells similar to that of the ocher-leaved vermilion deaf ( R. pseudointegra ) or of geranium leaves or apples. With FeSO 4 , the meat turns pink, light-colored or brown-gray. The guaiac reaction is positive, but the discoloration is often weak and slow to develop.

Microscopic features

The spores are 8–11 (–13) µm long and 8–8.5 (–12) wide and almost all have isolated warts, which are only rarely connected by fine lines, some of which are networked. The warts are prickly, long and thin and up to 0.5 µm high. The basidia are 45–52 µm long and 11–13 µm wide and carry four sterigms , like most of the deafblings . The pleurocystids are 65–90 µm long and 8.5–10 (–13) µm wide. They are mostly cylindrical to spindle-shaped, but often also appendiculate .

The cap skin ( epicutis ) contains numerous, 6–9 (–15) ​​wide pileocystids , the ends of which are variably shaped, they are cylindrical to clubbed and 0–2 (3) -septate. The cap skin hyphae end cells are 2.7–4 µm wide, here and there long primordial hyphae also occur, but they can also be absent. Vacuole pigments can be detected in the cap skin, but no membrane pigments.

Species delimitation

The sharp brown-deaf bling ( Russula adulterina ), which also occurs in mountain coniferous forests, is very similar . It is usually somewhat larger, the hat diameter is 8–10 cm, and the very heterogeneous spores are at least statistically somewhat larger (8–12 (–15) ​​× 10–11.5).

Another similar species is the green yolk-blubber ( Russula urens ), which today is mostly only regarded as a variety of the purple-brown yolk-blotch . The brim of the hat is clearly grooved or furrowed from the start and its odor is weak or absent.

ecology

The Scharfe shine-deafblings is like all deafblings a mycorrhizal fungus , which mainly enters into a symbiotic relationship with various conifers. Its most important host tree is the spruce . However, in rare cases it can also enter into a partnership with fir or pine.

The Täubling can be found in mountain needle forests, often on limestone soils. However, it also occurs in woodruff beech forests under scattered spruce trees or in bedstraw pine forests , as well as in the corresponding spruce forests. Occasionally, it can also be found in hornbeam oak forests .

The Täubling likes fresh, alkaline to neutral, base-rich soils. Especially mull - rendzinen and brown earth over limestone, lime sand, marl and alkaline weathered deep rock. The fruiting bodies appear between the end of July and October in the hills or mountains. In the lowlands the species seems to be almost completely absent.

distribution

European countries with evidence of finding of the Scharfen Glanz-Täubling.
Legend:
  • Countries with found reports
  • Countries without evidence
  • no data
  • non-European countries

    • The Scharfe Gloss-Täubling is a purely European species that occurs only in the Canary Islands except in Europe.

    In Germany, the Täubling is absent in the entire North German lowlands and in the Saarland and only occurs more frequently in certain areas in Bavaria and Baden-Württemberg. The species is common in the Alps and the Black Forest, otherwise scattered to rare. The species is widespread in Austria and is only absent in areas above 1300 m above sea level and in eastern Austria.

    Systematics

    The species Russula firmula is interpreted differently by different authors. Russula firmula sensu Rayner (1985) is a synonym for Russula cuprea the purple- brown yolk bling , Russula firmula Jul. Schäff. (1940) and M. Bon's view of this deafness are synonymous with Russula transiens ( Singer ) Romagn. (1967).

    Inquiry systematics

    The Scharfer Gloss-Täubling is placed by Bon in the Cupreinae subsection , which in turn is within the Insidiosinae section . The subsection mostly contains small to medium-sized, more or less pungent-tasting pigeons. The hats are very variable in color and usually clearly grooved on the edge. The spore powder is intense yellow.

    Forms and varieties

    The following forms and varieties of the sharp shining blubber have been described:

    variety author description
    Russula firmula f. atropurpurea (Allesch.) Sarnari (1998) The hat is 4–6 cm wide, slightly hunched and later depressed around the hump. It is dark purple in color, almost blackish in the middle and grooved on the edge. The stem is 6–10 cm long and spongy inside. The slats are attached to the stem and are yellow.
    Russula firmula var. Ocellata Romagn. (1953) The hat is about 5 cm wide in a purple to brownish color, with a more olive color in the middle. Half of the shiny hat skin is removable. The lamellas are ocher-colored, the stem white with a grayish tone and more or less hollow. The meat, which is mild at first, tastes a little hot after a while. Spore powder is dark yellow (IVD). The Täubling occurs in mixed mountain forests.

    meaning

    The Scharfe Gloss-Täubling is like all deaflings from the subsection Cupreinae not edible and at least slightly poisonous raw.

    literature

    Individual evidence

    1. ↑ Russula firmula. In: Index Fungorum /indexfungorum.org. Retrieved August 19, 2011 .
    2. ↑ Marcel Bon (ed.): Parey's book of mushrooms . Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-09970-9 , p. 76 .
    3. ↑ a b c German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 , p. 582.
    4. ↑ a b c Russula firmula. (PDF (1.4 MB)) Monographic Key to European Russulas (1988). In: The Russulales website w3.uwyo.edu. P. 38 , archived from the original on July 28, 2010 ; Retrieved July 2, 2011 (English, translation by M. Bon's Russula key).
    5. ↑ a b Russula firmula. (PDF DOC) Russulas. Micologia.biz Web de micología Europea, p. 163 , accessed July 2, 2011 (Spanish).
    6. ↑ Cvetomir M. Denchev & Boris Assyov: Checklist of the larger basidiomycetes in Bulgaria . In: Mycotaxon . tape 111 , 2010, ISSN  0093-4666 , p. 279–282 ( mycotaxon.com [PDF; accessed August 31, 2011]).
    7. ↑ Worldwide distribution of Russula firmula. In: data.gbif.org. Retrieved August 19, 2011 .
    8. ↑ DM Dimou, GI Zervakis & E. Polemis: Mycodiversity studies in selected ecosystems of Greece: 4. (PDF; 599 kB) Macrofungi from Abies cephalonica forests and other intermixed tree species (Oxya Mt., central Greece). In: Mycotaxon 104 / mycotaxon.com. 2008, pp. 39–42 , accessed on August 22, 2011 .
    9. ^ Estonian eBiodiversity Species description Russula firmula. In: elurikkus.ut.ee. Retrieved June 13, 2012 .
    10. ↑ Russula firmula in PILZOEK database. In: pilzoek.de. Retrieved August 19, 2011 .
    11. ^ TV Andrianova et al .: Russula firmula. Fungi of Ukraine. (No longer available online.) In: www.cybertruffle.org.uk/ukrafung/eng. 2006, archived from the original on November 27, 2015 ; accessed on May 3, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.cybertruffle.org.uk
    12. ^ W. Demon, A. Hausknecht, I. Krisai-Greilhuber: Database of Austria's mushrooms. In: austria.mykodata.net. Austrian Mycological Society, 2009, accessed September 2, 2011 .
    13. ↑ Varieties and forms of Russula firmula. (No longer available online.) In: Russula News / mtsn.tn.it. Formerly in the original ; Retrieved September 2, 2011 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.mtsn.tn.it  
    14. ↑ R. firmula f. atropurpurea. In: MycoBank, the fungal website / mycobank.org. Retrieved July 2, 2011 .

    Web links

    Commons : Scharfer Glanz-Täubling ( Russula firmula )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files