Green-violet Täubling
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Green-violet blubber ( Russula violacea ) |
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The green-violet Täubling or Violet Täubling ( Russula violacea ) is a species of fungus from the family of the Täubling relatives . It is a very small, fragile, green-violet-capped deaf, which differs from similar species from the Violaceinae sub- section mainly by its slightly graying flesh and the pointed spores .
features
Macroscopic features
The hat 4–6 cm wide, often brittle, but relatively firm flesh for the group. The hat is quickly depressed and has a wavy or slightly furrowed edge. Usually green and violet colors dominate, but the hat can be very variable in color, violet, lavender with an olive or gray-green center or completely olive-colored with violet tones on the edge. There are also shapes that are completely pink, lavender, or crimson, or those that have a red-violet or red-black center and a red and matte edge. The shiny and moist greasy hat skin can be peeled off up to 1/3 or even up to half. The edge is slightly grooved, at least in old age.
The first whitish and then cream-colored lamellae are only slightly yellow and have a very pungent taste. The spore powder is pale cream in color.
The up to 5 cm high and 0.5–1.2 cm wide, white stem is spindle-shaped to club-shaped and tends to yellow with age.
The initially firm and white meat is soon brittle and fragile and tends to turn yellow when ripe. It smells clearly of grated geranium leaves (pelargonium) and tastes piquant, pungent or hot. The guaiac reaction is usually clearly positive. The meat turns blue pretty quickly. The ammonia reaction is negative.
Microscopic features
The broadly elliptical, almost spherical spores are 7.5–8.25 µm long and 6–7 µm wide and have pointed, isolated standing warts that are 0.9–1 µm high and 0.6 µm wide. They are more or less numerous and incompletely amyloid .
The apiculus is 1.12–1.5 µm long and 0.75–1 µm wide. The hilly spot measures about (2.25–2.5 × 2 µm), it is more or less rounded, sometimes bumpy and clearly amyloid. The basids are 35–45 µm long and 8.5–12 µm wide. The relatively numerous cystids are 50–70 (90) µm long and 8–12 (15) µm wide. They are often spindle-shaped to button-shaped and clearly stained in sulfovanillin.
Cap skin has thread-like or slender hyphae (3.5-4.5 µm), the ends of which are narrowed, teat-shaped or appendiculated. The epicutis, the upper layer of the cuticle, is interspersed with large, club-shaped or cylindrical pileocystids that are (5) 7–12 (15) µm wide. They are not septate or are 1-3 times septate and turn gray in sulfovanillin.
Species delimitation
The Aspen-Täubling and the Great White Poplar-Täubling are very similar and difficult to distinguish, although today they are only regarded as an intermediate species or variety.
- The Espen-Täubling occurs more in wetter locations under aspen and willow trees. It has spores with rather coarse, short-rimmed connected warts.
- The great white poplar blubber is larger and more rugged and has significantly more reticulate spores and wider hyphal end cells.
- Also similar is the hollow-stemmed hornbill , which differs in its pink or reddish ammonia reaction and the negative guaiac reaction and also occurs under conifers.
From the subsection Atropurpurinae , the very richly shaped, alternately colored Spei-Täubling can look very similar. It has more like white spore powder, toothed lamellar sheaths and a fairly typical candy smell.
From the Tenelle section , the multi-colored Täubling and possibly the more violet-capped and smaller forms of the violet-brown Täubling are quite similar. Both types taste more or less mild.
- At least young specimens can have a pungent taste in the case of the multi-colored deaf. The spores have very low warts that are typically connected in a zigzag fashion. The spore powder is also darker, more creamy ocher in color.
- The purplish brown blubber is usually much larger and has mild flesh. Rusty brown spots can be seen on his hat skin under the magnifying glass.
ecology
Like all Bluebirds, the green-violet Bluebird is a mycorrhizal fungus that can enter into a symbiosis with various deciduous trees. He especially prefers different types of poplar . Other known mycorrhizal partners are birch , red beech , oak and black alder .
One finds the Green Violet russulas especially in light and heat favored Stieleichen- and hornbeam oak forests , but also on the edge of beech forests as Hainsimsen- , Labkaut - and forest Barley beech forests (. Galio rotundifolii-Abietenion), rare in bedstraw fir forests Frequent finds you can find the fungus in poplar forests and parks as well as on embankments and dams.
The Taubling likes moderately dry to moist, more or less neutral, moderately nutrient-rich, but little N-polluted soils, such as sandy or loamy to clayey pelosols and brown and parabrown soils .
The fruiting bodies appear in late June to early October. The Täubling can be found from the lowlands to the lower mountains.
distribution
The violet-green Täubling is a Holarctic species that is mainly found in the meridional and temperate climatic zones, i.e. it prefers a Mediterranean to moderate climate. The species occurs in North Asia (Caucasus, Siberia, Russia-Far East, Mongolia), North Africa (Morocco, Algeria) and Europe.
The species is quite rare in Germany. It is on the German Red List in the risk category RL3.
Systematics
Inquiry systematics
According to M. Bon, the green-violet Täubling is the type species of the Violaceinae section . The section contains sharp-tasting, rather fragile, small species, most of which have a cream-colored spore powder and often a very characteristic odor.
Forms and varieties
- Russula violacea var. Atrotubera
- Russula violacea var. Viridis
- Russula violacea f. cremeolilacinoides
- Russula violacea var. Carneolilacina Bres.
- The fruiting bodies appear in summer on the edge of the forest in the grass or on mountain forest meadows. The shape hardly occurs together with the type. Occurrence: In Europe, Northern Italy (Trient)
meaning
Like all deafnesses from the Violaceinae section , the green-violet deafness is inedible or slightly poisonous.
literature
- Russula violacea. In: Russula database. CBS Fungal Biodiversity Center, accessed January 18, 2011 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Marcel Bon (ed.): Parey's book of mushrooms . Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-09970-9 , pp. 72 .
- ↑ a b Monographic Key to European Russulas (1988). (PDF; 1.4 MB) (No longer available online.) In: English translation by M. Bons Russula-Schlüssel :. The Russulales Website, p. 30 , archived from the original on July 28, 2010 ; Retrieved January 18, 2011 .
- ^ H. Romagnesi: Russula violacea. In: Les Russules d'Europe et d'Afrique du Nord (1967). MycoBank, the Fungal website, accessed January 18, 2010 (French).
- ↑ a b c German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 , p. 591.
- ↑ Basidiomycota Checklist-Online - Russula violacea. In: basidiochecklist.info. Retrieved October 10, 2012 .
- ↑ Cvetomir M. Denchev, Boris Assyov: Checklist of the larger basidiomycetes in Bulgaria . In: Mycotaxon . tape 111 , 2010, ISSN 0093-4666 , p. 279–282 ( online [PDF; 592 kB ; accessed on August 31, 2011]).
- ↑ Z. Tkalcec, A. Mesic: Preliminary checklist of Agaricales from Croatia V :. Families Crepidotaceae, Russulaceae and Strophariaceae. (No longer available online.) In: Mycotaxon 88 / cybertruffle.org.uk. 2003, p. 297 , archived from the original on September 24, 2015 ; Retrieved August 22, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Estonian eBiodiversity Species description Russula violacea. In: elurikkus.ut.ee. Retrieved June 13, 2012 .
- ↑ Pertti Salo, Tuomo Niemelä, Ulla Nummela-Salo: SY769 Suomen helttasienten ja tattien ekologia, levinneisyys ja uhanalaisuus . (Finnish lamellar and tube mushrooms: ecology, distribution and threat status). Ed .: Esteri Ohenoja. 2005, ISBN 952-11-1997-7 (Finnish, ymparisto.fi [PDF]).
- ↑ Worldwide distribution of Russula violacea. (No longer available online.) In: data.gbif.org. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; Retrieved August 21, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Nahuby.sk - Atlas hub - Russula violacea. In: nahuby.sk. Retrieved October 10, 2012 .
- ↑ Russula violacea in the PilzOek database. In: pilzoek.de. Retrieved August 21, 2011 .
- ↑ NMV Verspreidingsatlas online: Russula violacea. In: verspreidingsatlas.nl. Retrieved October 10, 2012 .
Web links
- Spore drawing_1 and Spore drawing_2 by Russula violacea after H. Romagnesi, (1967), website of the CBS Fungal Biodiversity Center. Retrieved December 20, 2010.
- Synonyms of Russula violacea. Index Fungorum, accessed January 18, 2011 .
- Russula violacea. In: Russulales News . Bart Buyck, accessed January 18, 2011 (photo and nomenclature).
- Russula violacea. In: Funghi in Italia / funghiitaliani.it. Retrieved on June 2, 2014 (Italian, photos of the green violet Täubling).
