Süberde

Süberde , in the archaeological English-language literature by omitting the umlauts, also Suberde , today Gölyüzü , is a village in the Konya province , 13 km southeast of Seydişehir on Lake Suğla in southern central Turkey.

Akeramischer discovery site

The akeramische Neolithic settlement Görüklük Tepe lies on a hill southeast of the village . It is in the 8th millennium BC. Dated to the late ECA (Early Central Anatolian Neolithic) III. The settlement has an area of about 5000 m² and is located on the northwestern shore of Suğla Lake, which had dried up at the time of the excavations, at 1070 m above sea level . During the existence of the settlement, the lake level was higher than it is today and the settlement was an island. It was eventually abandoned because of the rising water level.

Excavations

The site was discovered in 1964 by Ralph Solecki and excavated by Jacques Bordaz between 1964 and 1965 ; a final publication is still pending . The settlement has three building layers .

I: surface layer, 1.5 m thick, disturbed by Islamic graves. Roman and Seljuk remains together with residual Bronze Age , Chalcolithic and Neolithic sherds
II: upper prehistoric layer, 0.5 m thick
III: lower prehistoric layer, up to 2 m thick.
IV: natural soil

The Neolithic layers II and III contained the remains of adobe houses with floors made of burnt lime .

Economy

Ovicaprids (sheep and goats) predominate among the over 300,000 animal bones (81.5%), followed by pigs (12.7%), red deer (3.1%) and cattle (2.7%). Furthermore, fallow deer, roe deer, hare, hedgehog, jackal, fox, bear and badger were detected. Süberde was initially interpreted as a settlement of settled hunters, with the dog as the only pet. Milling et al. examined the bone structure of cattle, sheep and goats from Süberde and the nearby Neolithic Erbaba and came to the conclusion that they were wild animals in Süberde. However, this was denied by Louise Martin, among others, because of the age distribution of the Caprid bones.

Finds

The flint objects consisted mainly of obsidian (90%). It came back knives , arrowheads, drills, scratches and sickle blades before. In the lower layer, microliths are more common. Some human-shaped clay figurines were found.

Dating

Bordaz published six radiocarbon dates , and more were commissioned by Arbuckle. They date the settlement to 7600-6500 cal. BC .

literature

Benjamin S. Arbuckle: Revisiting Neolithic Caprine Exploitation at Suberde, Turkey. In: Journal of Field Archeology. Volume 33/2, 2008, pp. 219-236 ( JSTOR 25608506 ).
Jacques Bordaz: Current Research in the Neolithic of South Central Turkey: Suberde, Erbaba and their chronological Implications. In: American Journal of Archeology . Volume 77/3, 1973, pp. 282-288 ( JSTOR 503442 ).
Jacques Bordaz: The Suberde Excavations, Southwestern Turkey: An Interim Report. In: Türk Arkeoloji Dergisi. Volume 17, 1969, pp. 43-71.

Individual evidence

^ Anatolic index
↑ Geonames
↑ ^a ^b ^c Mihriban Özbaşaran: The Neolithic on the Plateau. In: Gregory McMahon, Sharon Steadman: The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Anatolia (10,000-323 BCE). Oxford University Press, Oxford 2011, pp. 99-124. doi: 10.1093 / oxfordhb / 9780195376142.013.0005
↑ Mihriban Özbaşaran, Hijlke Buitenhuis: Proposal for a regional Terminology for Central Anatolia. In: Frederic Gerard, Laurens Thissen (ed.): The Neolithic of Central Anatolia: Internal Developments and External Relations During the 9th – 6th Millennia cal BC Ege Yayinlan, Istanbul 2002, pp. 67–77.
^ Dexter P. Perkins, Patricia Daly: A Hunters' Village in Neolithic Turkey. In: Scientific American . Volume 219, 1968, pp. 96-106.
↑ Isabella Milling Drew, Dexter Perkins Jr., Patricia Daly: Prehistoric Domestication of Animals: Effects on Bone Structure. In: Science . New Series, Vol. 171 (No. 3968), 1971, pp. 280-282. JSTOR 1730999
^ Louise Martin, Nerissa Russell, Denise Carruthers: Animal Remains from the Central Anatolian Neolithic. In: Frederic Gerard, Laurens Thissen (Eds.): The Neolithic of Central Anatolia: Internal Developments and External Relations during the 9th – 6th Millennia cal BC Ege Yayinlari, İstanbul 2002, pp. 193-216.
^ Arkadiusz Marciniak, Lech Czerniak: Social Transformations in the Late Neolithic and the Early Chalcolithic Periods in Central Anatolia. In: Anatolian Studies , 57, 2007, p. 124, JSTOR 20455397 .

37.349722222222 31.945277777778Coordinates: 37 ° 20 ′ 59 ″ N , 31 ° 56 ′ 43 ″ E

Görüklük Tepe

Turkey

[1] Anatolic index

[2] Geonames

[Plateau_2011-3] Mihriban Özbaşaran: The Neolithic on the Plateau. In: Gregory McMahon, Sharon Steadman: The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Anatolia (10,000-323 BCE). Oxford University Press, Oxford 2011, pp. 99-124. doi: 10.1093 / oxfordhb / 9780195376142.013.0005

[4] Mihriban Özbaşaran, Hijlke Buitenhuis: Proposal for a regional Terminology for Central Anatolia. In: Frederic Gerard, Laurens Thissen (ed.): The Neolithic of Central Anatolia: Internal Developments and External Relations During the 9th – 6th Millennia cal BC Ege Yayinlan, Istanbul 2002, pp. 67–77.

[5] Dexter P. Perkins, Patricia Daly: A Hunters' Village in Neolithic Turkey. In: Scientific American . Volume 219, 1968, pp. 96-106.

[6] Isabella Milling Drew, Dexter Perkins Jr., Patricia Daly: Prehistoric Domestication of Animals: Effects on Bone Structure. In: Science . New Series, Vol. 171 (No. 3968), 1971, pp. 280-282. JSTOR 1730999

[7] Louise Martin, Nerissa Russell, Denise Carruthers: Animal Remains from the Central Anatolian Neolithic. In: Frederic Gerard, Laurens Thissen (Eds.): The Neolithic of Central Anatolia: Internal Developments and External Relations during the 9th – 6th Millennia cal BC Ege Yayinlari, İstanbul 2002, pp. 193-216.

[8] Arkadiusz Marciniak, Lech Czerniak: Social Transformations in the Late Neolithic and the Early Chalcolithic Periods in Central Anatolia. In: Anatolian Studies , 57, 2007, p. 124, JSTOR 20455397 .