South Japanese hemlock

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South Japanese hemlock
Southern Japanese hemlock (Tsuga Sieboldii)

Southern Japanese hemlock ( Tsuga Sieboldii )

Systematics
Class : Coniferopsida
Order : Conifers (Coniferales)
Family : Pine family (Pinaceae)
Subfamily : Abietoideae
Genre : Hemlocks ( Tsuga )
Type : South Japanese hemlock
Scientific name
Tsuga Sieboldii
Carriere

The Tsuga sieboldii , Japanese hemlock or Araragi-hemlock ( Tsuga sieboldii , Japanese 栂 , Tsuga ) is a conifer of the genus of hemlock .

description

Needle bottom
Branch with cones

The southern Japanese hemlock is a tree up to 30 meters tall with a single straight or curved trunk that can reach a chest height diameter of up to 250 centimeters. In culture it usually stays lower or grows shrub-like . The crown is egg-shaped, the branches are spread out horizontally and have overhanging tips. The bark is dark gray, rough and scaly. The shoots are glabrous and light orange to red-brown, the buds pointed and reddish yellow.

The entire needles stand loosely and not severely parted on the branches. They are 6 to 22 millimeters long and 3 millimeters wide. The upper side is glossy dark green, the underside shows two narrow and hardly noticeable stomata opening stripes , the needle point is notched. The yellow pollen cones are in groups and are 3 to 5 millimeters long. The seed cones are on the outer branches of the crown. They are ovate, 2 to 2.5 inches long and stalked long. The cone scales are shiny brown and circular. The seeds are 2 to 3 millimeters long and 1.5 millimeters wide and have wings 5 ​​to 6 millimeters long and 3 millimeters wide.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 24.

Distribution and ecology

The distribution area of ​​the species extends over the Japanese islands of Honshu , Kyushu and Shikoku south of the 36th parallel north, it is also found in South Korea in the province of Gyeongsangbuk-do .

The southern Japanese hemlock grows in cool, moist forests at altitudes of 500 to 1500 meters on well-drained, fresh to moist, acidic to neutral, sandy or gritty-humic, nutrient-rich soils . She avoids soils with a higher lime content. You can find them in sunny and partially shaded locations with annual rainfall between 1000 and 2000 millimeters. It is frost hardy . It rarely grows in pure stands , mostly in mixed coniferous forests together with the momi fir ( Abies firma ), the Japanese Douglas fir ( Pseudotsuga japonica ), the Hinoki false cypress ( Chamaecyparis obtusa ), the crescent fir ( Cryptomeria japonica ), the Japanese red pine ( Pinus densiflora ), white pine ( Pinus parviflora ) and umbrella fir ( Sciadopitys verticillata ).

Systematics and taxonomy

The Tsuga sieboldii ( Tsuga sieboldii ) is a type of species of hemlock ( Tsuga ). There it is assigned to the subgenus Tsuga . The northern Japanese hemlock ( Tsuga diversifolia ) is also seen as a variety of the southern Japanese hemlock under the synonym Tsuga Sieboldii var. Nana . The specific epithet honors the German botanist Philipp Franz von Siebold .

Synonyms for Tsuga Sieboldii Carrière are: Pinus Sieboldii A. Murray bis , Abies araragi Siebold , Abies tsuga Siebold & Zucc. , Pinus tsuga (Siebold & Zucc.) Antoine , Tsuga araragi (Endl.) Koehne .

proof

literature

  • Andreas Roloff , Andreas Bärtels: Flora of the woods. Purpose, properties and use. With a winter key from Bernd Schulz. 3rd, corrected edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5614-6 , p. 793.
  • Schütt, Schuck, Stimm: Lexicon of tree and shrub species . Nikol, Hamburg 2002, ISBN 3-933203-53-8 , pp. 536 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Roloff et al .: Flora der Gehölze , p. 793
  2. ↑ a b c Christopher J. Earle: Tsuga Sieboldii. In: The Gymnosperm Database. Retrieved May 22, 2011 .
  3. ↑ a b Schütt et al .: Lexicon of Tree and Shrub Species, p. 536
  4. ^ Tropicos. [1]
  5. ↑ Tsuga Sieboldii. In: Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). United States Department of Agriculture, accessed May 22, 2011 .
  6. ↑ Christopher J. Earle: Tsuga. In: The Gymnosperm Database. Retrieved May 22, 2011 .
  7. ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Tsuga. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved April 11, 2019.

Web links

Commons : Southern Japanese Hemlock  - Collection of images, videos, and audio files