Rust-red eyelash fern

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Rust-red eyelash fern
Rust-red eyelash fern (Woodsia ilvensis) in North America

Rust-red eyelash fern ( Woodsia ilvensis ) in North America

Systematics
Ferns
Class : True ferns (Polypodiopsida)
Order : Spotted ferns (Polypodiales)
Family : Eyelash family (Woodsiaceae)
Genre : Eyelash Ferns ( Woodsia )
Type : Rust-red eyelash fern
Scientific name
Woodsia ilvensis
( L. ) R.Br.

The rust-red eyelash fern ( Woodsia ilvensis ), also known as the southern eyelash fern, is a species of the genus of the eyelash ferns ( Woodsia ) within the family of the eyelashes (Woodsiaceae).

description

illustration
Herbarium evidence
Rust-red eyelash fern ( Woodsia ilvensis ) in Finland

The rust-red ciliate fern is a perennial herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 10–20 centimeters. It has a many-headed, short rhizome that is densely covered with the remains of the frond stalks. The 1.5 to 11 centimeter long frond stem is black in the lower part and densely covered with lanceolate chaff scales, in the upper part it is shiny red-brown and its chaff scales are awl-shaped. The frond stem has a slightly knotty thickening in the middle, the point where the fronds break off. The frond stem is shorter or at most as long as the frond blade. The frond blade is green, gray-green or brownish-green, elongated-lanceolate and pinnate in outline and covered with numerous curved hairs. The blade has 7 to 20 leaflets on each side; they are short-stalked, mostly all 1.5 to 2 times as long as they are wide and even pinnate again. The blade is densely covered with pale chaff scales and hair on the underside as well as on the feathers. The pinnate sections are egg-shaped, rounded and slightly serrated.

The Sori are mostly approached to the edge and finally converge. Their veils ( Indusia ) are ragged and torn.

The spore ripening is in July and August.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 78, less often 82.

Occurrence

Its circumpolar distribution area is in Northern Europe , in Europe it occurs scattered from the Alps and low mountain ranges to the Carpathians and the Caucasus . It also thrives in Siberia , Central Asia , North America and Greenland .

The rust-red ciliate fern thrives in central Europe in crevices on dry, exposed or slightly shaded, lime-poor, but base-rich silicate rocks and rock debris. It is a character species of the Woodsio-Asplenietum from the association Androsacion vandellii, but also occurs in societies of the associations Androsacion alpinae or Galeopsion.

Taxonomy

The first publication took place in 1753 under the name ( Basionym ) Acrostichum ilvense by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum , 2, p. 1071. The new combination to Woodsia ilvensis (L.) R.Br. was published in 1810 by Robert Brown in Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae , p. 158. The generic name Woodsia honors the English architect and botanist Joseph Woods (1776–1864). The specific epithet ilvensis is derived from the Latin Ilva for Elba ; it is based on a mix-up, since this fern species does not occur on Elba.

More synonyms for Woodsia ilvensis (L.) R.Br. are: Aspidium rufidulum (Michx.) Sw. , Athyrium rufidulum (Michx.) AAEaton , Nephrodium rufidulum Michx. , Notholaena rufidula (Michx.) Desv. , Notholaena setigera Desv. , Polypodium ilvense (L.) Vill. , Woodsia frigida Gand. , Woodsia hyperborea var. Rufidula (Michx.) WDJKoch , Woodsia ilvensis var. Rufidula (Michx.) Asch. & P.Graebn. , Woodsia raiana Newman , Woodsia subcordata Turcz. , Woodsia uralensis Gand. , Woodsia rufidula (Michx.) LC Beck .

literature

  • AO Chater: Woodsia R.Br. In: TG Tutin, NA Burges, AO Chater, JR Edmondson, VH Heywood, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb (eds.): Flora Europaea . 2nd, revised edition. Volume 1: Psilotaceae to Platanaceae . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge / New York / Melbourne 1993, ISBN 0-521-41007-X , pp. 25–26 (English, limited preview in Google Book Search).
  • Josef Dostal, Tadeus Reichstein : Woodsia, Wimperfarn. In: Karl Ulrich Kramer (ed.): Illustrated flora of Central Europe. Pteridophyta, Spermatophyta . Founded by Gustav Hegi. 3rd, completely revised edition. Volume I. Part 1 Pteridophyta . Paul Parey, Berlin / Hamburg 1984, ISBN 3-489-50020-2 , p. 201-203 .
  • Georg Philippi : Woodsia. In: Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi (eds.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg . 2nd, supplemented edition. tape 1 : General Part, Special Part (Pteridophyta, Spermatophyta): Lycopodiaceae to Plumbaginaceae . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1993, ISBN 3-8001-3322-9 , pp. 156-158 .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Woodsia ilvensis at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  2. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  80-81 .
  3. ↑ a b Woodsia ilvensis at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed July 30, 2016.
  4. ↑ Lotte Burkhardt: Directory of eponymous plant names . Extended Edition. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Free University Berlin Berlin 2018. [1]

Web links

Commons : Woodsia ilvensis  - collection of images, videos and audio files