SS-12 scaleboard
| SS-12 scaleboard | |
|---|---|
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| General Information | |
| Type | Short-range missile |
| Local name | 9K76 Temp-S, TR-1, OTR-22 |
| NATO designation | SS-12 Scaleboard, SS-22 |
| Country of origin |
.svg){kind=small} Soviet Union
|
| Manufacturer | Nadiradze design office |
| development | 1962 |
| Commissioning | 1967 |
| Working time | 1967-1987 |
| Technical specifications | |
| length | 12.38 m |
| diameter | 1,100 mm |
| Combat weight | 9,300 kg |
| Drive First stage Second stage |
Solid rocket engine Solid rocket engine |
| Range | 900-950 km |
| Furnishing | |
| steering | Inertial navigation system |
| Warhead | 1 nuclear warhead with max. 1,500 kt |
| Detonator | Programmed detonator |
| Weapon platforms | MAZ-543 - truck |
| Lists on the subject | |
The SS-12 Scaleboard was a short-range ballistic missile (according to today's definition medium-range missile ) from Soviet production. The GRAY index is 9K76 Temp-S . The system index of the Russian armed forces was TR-1 , the guided weapon was designated 9M76 .
development
The SS-12 Scaleboard was designed as a complementary missile system to the SS-1C Scud-B . The new missile was to be used at the front level . In 1962, system development began in the Nadiradse design office . The 9K76 Temp-S is based on the design of the 9K71 Temp , which did not get beyond the prototype stage. The first test launch of a 9M76 rocket took place on March 14, 1964. The rocket flew 580 km. The SS-12 was introduced into the Soviet Army in 1967 . The SS-12 was the Soviet Union's first solid-propelled tactical ballistic missile .
technology
The SS-12 was a two-stage short - range solid - propelled missile . The first stage weighed 4,160 kg and the second stage 4,640 kg. Both stages had four rotating nozzles at the stern. The fuel used in the SS-12 was PES 7FG, based on polyurethane . A cable duct ran over almost the entire length of the fuselage on the surface of the rocket. There were four honeycomb grid fins at the stern of the second stage . This design made it possible to significantly increase the steering effect compared to conventional control surfaces. However, this design also produced significantly greater air resistance , which inevitably reduced the range compared to missiles with normal control surfaces. The rocket was transported in a heated 9Ja230 protective container, which protected the rocket from unsuitable environmental influences and damage. An electric heater was installed inside the container, which ensured an optimal temperature between 15 and 20 ° C. Each one rocket was on an all-terrain MAZ-543 - truck housed. The Russian Armed Forces system index for this vehicle is 9P120 or OTR-22 . This made the SS-12 system mobile and quick to lay. For the rocket launch, the protective container was removed and the rocket set up over the rear of the vehicle at an angle of 90 °. Then it was lowered onto a launch table . On the launch table, the rocket was then turned to the required azimuth and the navigation system was activated. The minimum time for preparation for launch was 20–35 minutes. The rocket was launched from a safe distance using a wired control panel. The two drive stages were mounted one above the other and ignited one after the other. After the first stage had burned out, the second stage was ignited and the first stage blasted off. During the boost phase, the inertial navigation platform determined any course corrections and transmitted them to four swivel nozzles and four honeycomb grid fins, which changed their angle of attack accordingly. After the acceleration phase, a push was terminated. For this purpose, four openings were attached to the head of the second rocket stage, which were blown open at the desired time, the internal pressure in the fuel chamber suddenly reduced. After the thrust termination, the warhead was separated from the rocket with four brake engines . The onward flight of the warhead now took place without steering or propulsion on the trajectory of a trajectory parabola . The SS-12A had a scattering circle radius ( CEP ) 730–2,000 m (depending on the operational distance). The further developed SS-22 was equipped with improved inertial navigation. This version had a scattering circle radius (CEP) of 200 to 400 m, depending on the operating distance.
The SS-12 had a payload of 528 kg and the following warheads existed:
- Nuclear warhead 906V with a selectable explosive power of 300, 600, 990 or 1,500 kT
- Nuclear warhead 906B (AA-81) with 500 kT
- Nuclear warhead 910 (AA-19) with 300 kT
- Tuman-2 warhead for the chemical warfare agent VR-55 .
- Fog-2 warhead for the chemical warfare agent VX .
variants
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9K71 Temp: previous version , prototype only.
- with missile 9M71 with a range of 460 km.
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9K76 Temp-S: 1st production version 1967. NATO code name : SS-12 Scaleboard-A
- with missile 9M76 with a range of 700 to 850 km.
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9K76 Temp-SM: 2nd serial version from 1979. NATO code name: SS-22 Scaleboard-B
- with missile 9M76B / B1 with a range of 950 km.
commitment
The SS-12 was designed for the European and Asian battlefield. Due to its relatively low accuracy, the SS-12 could only be used against so-called soft targets such as population centers , industrial complexes , port facilities , airfields , railway junctions and against tactical targets. US and NATO experts saw the SS-12 as an effective second strike weapon , with which a successful first strike could also be carried out. A total of 96 launch and transport vehicles and 718 guided missiles were manufactured. In the 1980s, the SS-12 was stationed with the Soviet troops in the GDR and the ČSSR ( Hranice na Moravě ) except in the Soviet Union . Stationing locations in the GDR were Königsbrück , Bischofswerda , Waren and Wokuhl with a total of 34 carrier systems and 54 missiles in 1987.
As part of the INF ( Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces ) disarmament agreement , the remaining 220 SS-12 missiles were decommissioned and scrapped from 1987. The last missile was blown up on July 25, 1989.
Web links
- Globalsecurity.org
- www.dtig.org ( Memento from October 29, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Overview of ballistic guided missiles from Russian production (German)
- Missilethreat.com
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c militaryrussia.ru , accessed February 19, 2014
- ↑ a b zadocs.ru , accessed on February 21, 2014
- ^ A b Duncan Lennox: Jane's Strategic Weapon Systems. Jane's Information Group , 2005, ISBN 0-7106-0880-2 .
- ↑ a b rbase.new-factoria.ru , accessed February 19, 2014
- ↑ a b blisty.cz , accessed on February 21, 2014
- ^ Treaty between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Elimination of their Intermediate-Range and Shorter-Range Missiles - Memorandum of Understanding ( Memento of January 24, 2016 in the Internet Archive )